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In the current media environment of growing information disorder and social media platforms emerging as primary news sources, the creation and spread of disinformation is becoming increasingly easy and cost-effective. Th...

INTRODUCTION. The purpose of the paper is to study the rhetorical strategies and techniques that use social media in Telegram as a means to combat disinformation, and their comparative analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Th...

Both disinformation and propaganda are basic means of manipulation in the Russian society, thus contributing to the electoral decision-making process, as well as to the consolidation of the „orchestrated democracy“.I...

In recent years, the concept of grey zone has been popularised to analyse the activities a State can use to influence the decisions and to limit the strategic choices of another State below the threshold of war. This art...

Released information can lead to the outbreak of war, such as ‘The Ems Telegram’. It can also cause changes in the actions of the ‘great and the small’ of this world, influence the perception of reality and lead ...

Essentially, project-based learning, currently referred to as a method for citizenship education in higher education, is rooted in the concept of civic engagement, which is the most critical determinant of success in tra...

In the context of hybrid warfare and targeted information aggression, the issue of cybersecurity is gaining particular importance not only as a technical challenge, but also as a key factor in ensuring national, politica...

Rabindranath Tagore’s poems “Where the Mind is Without Fear” and “Freedom” interrogate freedom not merely as political independence but as a radical reimagining of human consciousness. While rooted in the anti-...

This study has explored the historical evolution of citizens' political participation: from direct democracy in ancient city-states to modern digital mechanisms of civic engagement. It has examined the factors that influ...

The article deals with the rise of populism in connection with the functioning of the media and the role of media literacy in the receptivity of citizens to populist messages. The assumption is that the media play a dual...

Crisis management in the Public Health Service (PHS) require a paradigm shift, transitioning from a reactive medical provider to a central strategic pillar of national security. Addressing 21st-century hybrid threats —...