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Snowpacks in mountain regions with Mediterranean climates are exceptionally sensitive to climate warming. However, these marginal snowpacks are sparsely monitored, limiting our understanding of recent snow losses and con...

Reservoirs are critical infrastructure for global water, food, and energy security, yet their storage dynamics remain poorly characterized across most of the world. Accurate and timely knowledge of reservoir storage is e...

Aerosol–cirrus interactions remain a major source of uncertainty in climate models due to the complex interplay of aerosol properties, ice nucleation pathways, and atmospheric conditions. In this study, we investigate ...

Sea-ice motion plays a pivotal role in the variability of the Antarctic climate system by modulating the atmosphere–ocean fluxes and the ocean freshwater budget. Due to the variability of the ice surface, snow&#x2...

The dissolution behavior of atmospheric calcium (Ca) mineral dust released from arid regions and their climate impacts via buffering effects are highly dependent on their size-resolved mineralogical composition. Due to t...

Abstract Understanding drivers of river mobility—temporal shifts in river channel positions—is critical for managing fluvial landscapes sustainably and for interpreting past river responses to climate change. However...

Abstract The impact of a warming climate on tropical cyclones (TCs) remains unclear. Here, we find that the probability density function for western North Pacific TC lifetime maximum intensity (LMI) has an amplified bimo...

Abstract Anthropogenic CO2 emissions lead to ocean warming, deoxygenation and acidification. Superimposed on long‐term trends are episodic extremes of temperature, oxygen, and acidity. Here we present an innovative met...

Abstract Snowfall is the primary contributor to Antarctic surface mass balance. Identifying regional‐scale mechanisms that drive heavy snowfall provides context for changes in Antarctic surface mass balance in a warmer...

China's Clean Air Action (CAA) plan implemented since 2013 has significantly altered atmospheric composition, and yet its impact on the terrestrial carbon sink remains unclear. This study employed the Regional Earth Syst...

Abstract The Arctic Oscillation (AO) is the most significant mode of sea level pressure (SLP) anomalies in the Northern Hemisphere, exhibiting significant multiple‐timescale variability from synoptic to decadal. Using ...

Abstract Key roles of marine dimethyl sulfoniopropionate (DMSP), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), methyl mercaptan (MeSH), and carbon disulfide (CS2) in the sulfur cycle and/or atmospheric chemistry, alongside the rapid environme...

Terrestrial evaporation ($E$) plays a crucial role in the water, energy, and carbon cycles and modulates climate change through multiple feedback mechanisms. While process-based models estimate $E$ using satellite-derive...

Abstract Methane hydrate dissociation along continental margins has been widely associated with global carbon cycle perturbations and climate changes. However, the relationship between hydrate dynamics, carbon cycle dist...

Abstract The distribution and origin of serpentine on Mars can provide insights into the planet's aqueous history, habitability, and past climate. In this study, we used dynamic aperture factor analysis/target transforma...

Abstract The observed decline of sea ice in the Arctic, if it persists into the future, can create more favorable conditions for shipping activity in the region. To estimate possible changes in key sea ice characteristic...

Abstract Emission of anthropogenic greenhouse gases has resulted in greater Arctic warming compared to global warming, known as Arctic amplification (AA). From an energy‐balance perspective, the current Arctic climate ...

With advances in aerospace technology, high-resolution optical imagery from satellites, such as China’s Gaofen series, is vital for climate monitoring and agriculture. However, cloud cover significantly impedes th...

Abstract The Early Permian witnessed the first icehouse‐to‐greenhouse turnover of the vegetated Earth, yet its climate dynamics remain enigmatic. Here, we used mercury (Hg) isotopes from pelagic and continental succe...

Mitigating anthropogenic methane emissions is widely recognized as an effective strategy to reduce near-term climate warming. Here, we use satellite observations from MethaneSAT (2024–2025) to characterize methane emis...

Abstract The boreal summer Atlantic Niño, the dominant mode of interannual climate variability in the equatorial Atlantic, exerts profound effects on local ecosystems and broader climate patterns, yet its prediction rem...

Abstract Global, regional and local sea‐level projections rely on complex process‐based models of the climate‐ocean‐cryosphere system. While extrapolation of observational data has been examined on global and reg...

Abstract This study investigates the F‐region plasma density and irregularities response during the May‐2024 storm using Swarm and Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Follow‐On (GRACE‐FO) data. Swarm‐B prov...

The Greenland Ice Sheet is a key component of the Earth’s climate system and assessing its mass balance is crucial for predicting sea-level rise. Solid ice discharge is a critical parameter that can be determined by ca...