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Abstract Background Cumulus granulosa cells (CGCs) are essential for oocyte support, metabolic cooperation, and steroidogenesis, yet they deteriorate rapidly in conventional 2D culture, limiting long-term studies of thes...

Abstract The core pathological mechanisms of diabetic microvascular diseases, such as nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and neuropathy, involve the dysfunction and loss of microvascular endothelial cells (ECs), vas...

Abstract Bone defects present significant challenges in clinical practice due to the limitations of traditional treatments. Compared to traditional cell therapies, exosome-based therapies have emerged as a promising alte...

Abstract Background Electrical stimulation of cell culture systems has shown significant potential benefits, attracting growing interest in bioelectrical research and tissue engineering. However, implementing effective s...

Abstract Background Current bone tissue engineering scaffolds face challenges such as inadequate mechanical support, limited biocompatibility, and suboptimal osteogenesis for treating critical-sized bone defects. This st...

Abstract Background The ability to guide stem cells toward the bone-forming lineage is a fundamental aspect of regenerative medicine. Conventional protocols for osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells typica...

Abstract Psammochloa villosa is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to tribe Stipeae (Poaceae). It is mainly distributed in the arid and sandy Inner Mongolia Plateau and adjacent areas, demonstrating remarkable resili...

Abstract Inflammatory diseases remain a major clinical challenge due to their complex pathologies and the limitations of current anti-inflammatory therapies. Conventional treatments, such as non-steroidal anti-inflammato...

Abstract Background Enchondromas (EC) present cartilaginous tumors that are difficult to differentiate from their intermediate counterpart, atypical cartilaginous tumors (ACT). Histologically, tumor distinction of these ...