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Non-infectious uveitis encompasses a diverse array of autoimmune ocular disorders marked by the breakdown of immune tolerance and recurrent inflammatory episodes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are integral to the maintenanc...

Necroptosis, a regulated form of necrotic cell death governed by the RIPK1-RIPK3-MLKL axis, is critically involved in host defense, inflammatory responses, and the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. Given the expanding co...

BackgroundMast cells are abundant throughout the lung, positioned near the airway epithelium, vasculature, and interstitium where they function as frontline sentinels to inhaled environmental and chemical stimuli. Throug...

ObjectiveRegulatory T cells (Tregs) play an essential role in transplantation immune tolerance. Although CD4+ Tregs have been extensively studied, the contribution of CD8+ regulatory T-cell subsets to transplant toleranc...

Background and aimsLiver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) have a key role in maintaining organismal homeostasis by scavenging blood-borne molecules and inducing specific immune tolerance to ingested antigens. The sca...

Since the discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) in 1993, they have been established as key post-transcriptional regulators of immune cell function. In particular, miRNAs have emerged as key modulators of CD4+ T cell activation...

Tumor diseases pose an enormous health threat when they become malignant, as in the process of metastasis. Cancer metastasis has been extensively studied in the past, but attention has been focused primarily on the estab...

Bone infection is a severe disease caused by microbial invasion of bone tissue, characterized by inflammatory responses, bone destruction, and impaired repair. Its high recurrence rate and refractory nature have posed si...

Early-life vaccinations often yield short-lived antibody (Ab) responses due to limited germinal center (GC) reaction and plasma cell (PC) survival. The aim of the study was to assess how vaccine delivery routes (homologo...

BackgroundChronic kidney disease involves progressive fibrosis and immune dysregulation. Aprotinin, a broad-spectrum serine protease inhibitor, has shown dose-dependent renal effects, but its role in obstructive nephropa...

STAT3 signaling is fundamental to T cells, where it underlies basic cellular processes like metabolism and apoptosis, as well as specialized processes like effector differentiation and cytokine production. However, mutat...

Background and objectiveEndothelial dysfunction is a key driver of cardiovascular complications in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), with oxidative stress and inflammation playing pivotal roles in its pa...

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are transforming adoptive cell therapy by combining unlimited self-renewal, broad differentiation potential, and high amenability to genome engineering. These attributes make ...

BackgroundSeptic cardiomyopathy (SCM) is one of the most common and serious complications of sepsis. Earlier research has identified reciprocal regulation between SCM and gut microbiota (GM), but the mechanistic basis of...

BackgroundSmall Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Polypeptide A (SNRPA), an RNA-binding protein associated with HCC survival, emerges as a key regulator requiring mechanistic study.MethodsTo delineate SNRPA’s functions, we gen...

ObjectiveTo determine whether serum exosomal long non-coding RNA AC245100.4 has value for early diagnosis and prognostic stratification in acute pancreatitis (AP), and to examine its potential involvement in inflammation...

Tumor metastasis is the leading cause of mortality in patients with malignant cancers, and the establishment of the pre-metastatic niche (PMN) is recognized as a pivotal step in this process. With growing insight into th...

Exosomes, as key mediators of intercellular communication, play a central regulatory role in cellular physiological and pathological processes through their dynamic interaction with the cytoskeleton. The cytoskeleton is ...

Hemozoin (Hz) is a crystalline by-product, which is produced when the Plasmodium species destroy haemoglobin, and it is commonly recognised that it leads to how our bodies respond to malaria. Although we understand prett...

Chronic pain affects hundreds of millions worldwide, yet current treatments—from NSAIDs to opioids—fall short and bring unwanted side effects. Neuroinflammation drives bidirectional glial-neuronal communication, a co...