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BackgroundSleep disruption(SD) has been shown to amplify inflammatory signaling and promote pain hypersensitivity, but how inflammation interacts with brain functional alterations to drive pain sensitization remains uncl...

Extremity fracture surgery is the standard surgical intervention for traumatic musculoskeletal injuries. The maturation of ultrasound-guided visualization techniques has facilitated the widespread application of peripher...

BackgroundDespite being a minimally invasive procedure, laparoscopic appendectomy (LA) frequently induces substantial postoperative pain in children. While erector spinae plane block (ESPB) has demonstrated efficacy for ...

BackgroundPerinatal sleep disturbance is highly prevalent among women undergoing elective cesarean section. Dexmedetomidine has been proven effective in improving sleep quality in patients undergoing general surgery, and...

ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Nalbuphine compared to Pethidine for pain relief during oocyte retrieval.MethodsIn a double-blinded, non-inferiority randomized controlled tri...

BackgroundHip fractures in older adults are costly and often fatal. Cognitive impairment (CI) complicates pain assessment, raises delirium risk, and hinders early mobilization and rehabilitation. This review synthesizes ...

Multiple Primary Cancers (MPCs), especially synchronous combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CCA) complicated with gallbladder adenocarcinoma, are extremely rare clinically. This case report discusses a 73-ye...

IntroductionGouty tophi are chronic inflammatory nodules resulting from monosodium urate (MSU) crystal deposition, often leading to joint deformity, skin ulceration, and functional impairment. Surgical management remains...

Adrenal gland tumors are uncommon in dogs, and the simultaneous presence of epithelial and mesenchymal neoplasms within a single adrenal gland is exceptionally rare. We describe a rare case of an adrenocortical adenoma a...

Introduction and importanceBouveret syndrome is a rare form of gallstone ileus characterized by gastric outlet obstruction secondary to impaction of a gallstone that has migrated into the gastrointestinal tract through a...

BackgroundEndoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a critical therapeutic modality for bile duct stones; however, cases of cystic duct stones (CDS) managed by ERCP alone are rarely reported. Herein, we pr...

BackgroundHair transplantation is increasingly performed for advanced androgenetic alopecia (AGA), yet postoperative scalp care remains poorly standardized. Persistent scabs after follicular unit extraction (FUE) may del...

BackgroundPulsed dye laser (PDL) therapy is the gold standard for treating port-wine stains (PWS) in children but frequently requires procedural analgosedation due to pain and the need for immobility. The optimal sedativ...

BackgroundFractional laser treatment is widely used to improve skin problems such as scars and photoaging; however, it is prone to causing adverse reactions such as erythema and edema after the procedure. Topical hyaluro...

In the central nervous system (CNS), programmed cell death (PCD) of neurons, is precisely regulated by various biomolecules to maintain neuronal development, establish neural structures, and maintain CNS homeostasis. Und...