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Abstract Myostatin negatively regulates skeletal muscle size in multiple species, and therefore, myostatin blockade has been therapeutically explored to promote muscle growth in humans, including to counter the muscle lo...

Abstract While the interbreeding of Homo neanderthalensis (hereafter Neanderthal) and Anatomically modern human (AMH) has been proven, owing to the shortage of fossils and absence of appropriate DNA, the timing and geogr...

Abstract Choosing to approach or avoid is common in everyday life and excessive avoidance is a cardinal feature of anxiety disorders. We use intracranial EEG to define a prefrontal-limbic circuit supporting approach and ...

Abstract Advances in AI are transforming decision making teams. A fundamental open question is whether AI agents elicit social conformity effects comparable to human peers. If so, a critical challenge is determining whet...

Abstract Antibody specificity is primarily derived from immunoglobulin (Ig) genes, which exhibit extensive genetic polymorphism both within and across species. Non-human primates (NHP) such as pigtail macaques are often ...

Abstract A growing body of evidence supports the role of nutrient sensing and metabolism pathways in regulating ageing rate and healthspan, but the diversity of human lifestyles challenges our ability to identify the mec...

Abstract Callithrix comprises primates popularly known as marmosets. In the city of Rio de Janeiro, the occurrence of a hybrid form of invasive species prevails. These animals, treated here as Callithrix spp., host sever...

Abstract This study investigates the population history and subsistence of farming communities at the Erdaojingzi site (ca. 3700–3330 cal. BP), a well-preserved Bronze Age settlement located in the agro-pastoral trans...

Abstract The reflex arc is fundamental to the physiology of posture and robust locomotion. Mimicking biological reflexes in engineered systems has, therefore, high potential to improve robustness and learning performance...