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Objective: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is more common in patients undergoing dialysis compared to the normal population. The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence of hepatitis C in patients undergoing hemo...

Abstract Introduction Patients on hemodialysis (HD) are vulnerable to COVID-19 and often excluded from pivotal antiviral trials. Ensitrelvir, an oral SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease inhibitor approved in Japan, remains uneva...

Abstract Background Little is known about health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in immunocompromised people during and after COVID-19 illness. We describe HRQoL outcomes from the EPIC-IC trial, which included participan...

Influenza A, an acute or subacute respiratory infectious disease caused by the influenza A virus (IAV), affects humans and animals, and poses a serious threat to public health. Currently, IAV prevention and treatment rel...

Ramsay-Hunt Syndrome (RHS) is a neurological disorder caused by the reactivation of the varicella-zoster virus, resulting in facial paralysis, otalgia, and vesicular rashes. Even after treatment with antivirals and cor...

ObjectiveThis study seeks to trace the source of HIV infection in a male adolescent (P1) with a newly recognized heterosexual orientation in Zhejiang Province on August 23, 2019.MethodsAn in-depth epidemiological intervi...

Abstract Current lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) used in mRNA vaccines typically incorporate polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a stabilizing material; however, safety concerns have prompted the search for non-PEG alternatives. Sev...

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) remains a major zoonotic threat, yet human infections continue to display striking heterogeneity in clinical severity. We report a fatal case of H5N1 pneumonia in an adult patie...

BackgroundChronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health burden. The immune-active (IA) phase, characterized by positive Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), elevated alani...

ABSTRACT Background Mpox is a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus, with potential for significant morbidity across all population groups, including pregnant individuals and neonates. Pregnancy represents...

New direct acting antiviral agents are quite effective in treating hepatitis-C virus infection (HCV). Treating HCV that occurs or relapses after kidney transplantation necessitates a heedful approach for selecting the ...

Background: BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) reactivation is a common complication after kidney transplantation and may result in nephropathy and graft loss. As there is no effective antiviral therapy, management focuses on early...

Herpes-associated erythema multiforme (HAEM) is an acute inflammatory mucocutaneous disease which is characterized by ulcerative lesion on oral mucous membrane with or without skin involvements. The etiology of erythema ...

BackgroundInborn errors of immunity (IEIs) are classically identified in infants and young children with severe or recurrent infections. However, hypomorphic variants with a partial loss-of-function can remain unrecogniz...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. While primarily affecting the respiratory system, neurological involvement and thromboembolic complications have also been doc...

Abstract Background Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a common human pathogen of herpes simplex keratitis (HSK), one of the leading causes of infectious blindness worldwide. Antiviral therapies remain limited by the...

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a DNA virus linked to multiple malignancies associated with compromised immunity, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). These malignancie...

Abstract Background Segmental zoster paresis (SZP) of the lower limbs is an uncommon complication of herpes zoster (HZ). Its atypical presentation and variable prognosis make early recognition and comprehensive intervent...

Abstract Background Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is a leading cause of hospitalization and antibacterial use globally. In low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), limited diagnostic resources contribute to i...

Abstract Introduction Several risk factors for progression to severe COVID-19 have been identified, but whether multiple concomitant risk factors (risk stacking) further increase risk remains unknown. We sought to ident...