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Abstract Background Current evidence regarding the role of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and its components in Calcific Aortic Valve Stenosis (CAVS) remains limited and inconsistent. To elucidate the causal relationship and ...

Prediction invariance of causal models under heterogeneous settings has been exploited by a number of recent methods for causal discovery, typically focussing on recovering the causal parents of a target variable of inte...

The opening phase of a lesson can strongly influence students’ readiness to learn, yet teachers often receive limited, delayed feedback on the quality of this phase. This study examines which opening-lesson features ar...

Abstract An interpretable deep inference forecasting model is designed to improve the forecasting capability of sea surface variables. By incorporating the air‐sea coupling mechanism as a dynamic constraint, the interp...

Abstract Background Long COVID is an infection-associated chronic condition with uncertain evolution, leading to ambiguity in case definitions and various hypotheses about its pathophysiology. Despite this diversity, cau...

Abstract Background Environmental studies often evaluate how exposures influence health outcomes through intermediate biological processes. In practice, researchers are often interested in complex exposure mixtures rathe...

Objectives: To investigate the relationship between caries in primary teeth and caries in permanent teeth among primary school students, and to identify potential effect modifiers of this relationship. Methods: This retr...

How can we measure the effects of campaign events? We estimate how voters respond to a prominent campaign scandal—Donald Trump being convicted of 34 felony counts of falsifying business records—using data from a larg...

IntroductionThe complex interplay between environmental dynamics, biodiversity loss, and public health necessitates advanced methodologies for quantifying and interpreting their interactions. Respiratory health, highly s...

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes embedded in higher education operations, AI literacy is increasingly positioned as a meta-skill enabling institutional innovation; however, its contribution to academic management ...

BackgroundSurgical antibiotic prophylaxis (SAP) is an essential part of perioperative care, yet adherence to recommended practices varies across surgical categories. Differences in antibiotic choice and duration between ...

Artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and generative AI, has the potential to advance critical care nephrology (CCN) by enhancing prediction accuracy, improving ...

Abstract Indonesia's government procurement system struggles to integrate research and innovation products, hindering industrial competitiveness. This study maps Indonesia’s innovation procurement system across three l...

Background: This cross-sectional observational study analyzed data from routine clinical practice to compare outcomes across independent treatment duration cohorts (3, 6, and 9 months). Methods: This retrospective cohor...

IntroductionParent-adolescent relationship quality is vital for youth’s emotional and behavioral development; yet, it may be adversely impacted by neurodevelopmental disorders like attention-deficit hyperactivity disor...

Political orientation has been linked to short-term health outcomes, yet its long-term effects remain underexplored. Given the influence of political contexts on health, understanding these associations is crucial for pu...

ABSTRACT Background Observational studies link insomnia to hippocampal atrophy, yet causal inference remains limited by confounding and reverse causality. While Mendelian randomization (MR) studies have explored sleep‐...

Background: Javelin throwing is a complex athletic skill that requires strength, speed, balance, and proper release mechanics. In school settings, many students struggle to master these fundamentals due to limited practi...

Animal-bite and scratch visits to the emergency department (ED) often require time-sensitive decisions on rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) alongside tetanus prevention. In China, recent national standards and local...

This Campbell systematic review assesses the effects of psychosocial interventions for school refusal. The review summarizes the findings from eight studies. Medium quality evidence shows that cognitive‐behavioural the...

BackgroundThe association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and metabolic syndrome (MetS) remains controversial, particularly in large-scale health-screening populations where early metabolic abnormalities can ...

Sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) is essential for causal inference but is commonly implemented as ramp-only protocols that may not ensure physiological inertness and may fail to maintain mid-session bl...

IntroductionAssisted reproductive technology (ART) practice varies widely across centers and evolves rapidly, often outpacing the generation of randomized evidence. OPERA (Observational ProjEct for a Research database fo...

Abstract Objective This study aims to explore the associations between napping and subjective sleep quality and daytime functioning in insomnia patients, providing a valuable reference for the standardized diagnosis and ...