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BackgroundCommon variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency marked by impaired antibody production and infection susceptibility, with about half developing noninfectious complications. B cell activati...

Targeted B-cell depletion via the anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab fundamentally altered the therapeutic algorithm for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Despite its clinical entrenchment, approximately 40% of patients ex...

Synthetic biology is emerging as a frontier interdisciplinary discipline that is increasingly regarded as a key driver of sustainable innovation in advanced materials. By leveraging the design-build-test-learn (DBTL) cyc...

B cell-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in long-term humoral protection. However, dysregulation of B cell development and differentiation may lead to the persistence of autoreactive clones, contributing to autoimmu...

Raman scattering can provide information on molecular fingerprints, which have been widely applied in various fields of material science and nanobiotechnology. Notably, low interference with water molecules in obtaining ...

Abstract Left-sided colorectal cancer (LCRC) and right-sided colorectal cancer (RCRC) show marked differences in prognosis and therapeutic response, yet the underlying molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. We hy...

Abstract Background Radiomics analysis of 18F-FDG PET/CT enables extraction of high-dimensional quantitative features that may serve as imaging biomarkers for tumor biology. In particular, in non-small cell lung cancer (...

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains one of the most aggressive malignancies, characterized by rapid proliferation, early metastatic dissemination, and poor long-term survival despite initial sensitivity to therapy. SCL...

Abstract Physiological interpretations of Systems Biology have made many advances since the Principles of Systems Biology were first published in this journal in 2008. Those advances show that the main principle, Biologi...

Aging is characterized by measurable reductions in tissue repair, immune balance, and metabolic regulation. Increasing evidence suggests that these changes may arise, in part, from an insufficiency or altered quality of ...

Abstract Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly heterogeneous malignancy with limited predictive markers to guide personalized treatment, particularly in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative cases, whic...

Abstract Background Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are pivotal in biopharmaceutical production, yet balancing high recombinant protein yield with cell survival remains challenging. While previous studies have targeted...

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies have achieved clinical success in autologous treatment of hematological malignancies. However, their broader application remains limited. Beyond the biological ch...

The new pandemic of SARS-CoV-2 Betacoronavirus, has spread worldwide, and infected millions of individuals causing the disease denominated of COVID-19. Further on flu symptoms, due to the high tropism of virus, has most ...

Abstract Cystinosis is a systemic lysosomal storage disease resulting from mutations in the CTNS gene encoding the lysosomal cystine transporter cystinosin, leading to cystine accumulation in all organs. Despite cystinos...

Abstract Background The floral transition in maize represents a pivotal developmental switch that determines flowering time, environmental adaptation, and yield-related traits. However, the molecular mechanisms governing...

Abstract Bone defects present significant challenges in clinical practice due to the limitations of traditional treatments. Compared to traditional cell therapies, exosome-based therapies have emerged as a promising alte...

This study aims to examine the role of exosomes derived from human urine-derived stem cells (hUSCs-Exo) in the in vitro construction of a composite structure comprising hUSCs and a porcine urethral decellularized matrix...

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are transforming adoptive cell therapy by combining unlimited self-renewal, broad differentiation potential, and high amenability to genome engineering. These attributes make ...

Subretinal delivery of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells is an important treatment for retinal degeneration patients, and the cell suspension method is the most common approach. Injectable hydrogel-mediated cell eng...

Background: In multiple sclerosis (MS), chronic “smoldering” lesions are driven by microglial activation, which promotes demyelination and disease progression. However, microglia exhibit a functional dichotomy by per...

Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is an aggressive cancer associated with chronic liver disease, necessitating better biomarkers and therapies. Manganese, an essential trace element, regulates tumor development. Data...

The therapeutic efficacy of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs) has been demonstrated in a multitude of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials, yet the translation of MSC therapies is limited by biological factors such as...

Abstract Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is an aggressive subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is a key lipogenic enzyme implicated in tumor progression, but its regulation in DLBC...