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A growing number of studies are now utilizing human organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSC), enabled by improved long-term culture protocols that support the investigation of human-specific cellular physiology. Human OBS...

Flow cytometry has become an important tool in the fields of veterinary, medicine, and biological sciences in general. However, in the introductory and even in advanced university degree courses, students do not have man...

Rhynchophorus palmarum Linnaeus is an agricultural pest that affects various palm crops, including coconut (Cocos nucifera) plantations which are prominent in the economy of Northeastern Brazil. Characterization of the i...

Abstract Background Apoptosis is a continuous process throughout follicular development and plays a critical role in normal ovarian physiology. Although the key apoptotic molecule-encoding genes have been well characteri...

Drug discovery research faces significant challenges, with around 90 % of candidate drugs failing in clinical trials. Traditional animal models do not always accurately reflect human physiology and pathology, leading to ...

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease around the world, with at least 40% global prevalence. Although genetic susceptibility contributes to disease risk...

Extracellular nucleotides and nucleosides activate signaling pathways that play major roles in the physiology and pathophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Ectonucleotidases hydrolyze extracellular nucleotides and t...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are complex biological nanoparticles endogenously secreted by all eukaryotic cells. EVs carry a specific molecular cargo of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids derived from cells of origin an...

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Over the past three decades, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has evolved from a anatomical revascularization technique ...

Abstract Background & aims Understanding of the dynamic changes of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), Kupffer cells (KC), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) is critical for studying liver (patho)physio...

IntroductionPolygonum multiflorum (PM), a traditional medicinal herb, is renowned for its regenerative effects on hair growth; however, its therapeutic application has been largely confined to crude extracts. Recent adva...

The tight junction regulates the paracellular passage of solutes and water. It is primarily constituted by the family of claudins which assemble to huge multimers and basically seal the paracellular cleft. Certain claudi...

Abstract DIS3, a key nuclear RNA-degrading enzyme, is essential for immunoglobulin class switch recombination (CSR), promoting activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) activity on both DNA strands to induce double-str...

It is well known that pituitary TSH exerts the major task in the regulation of thyroid function. However, this gland is capable of certain degree of autonomy, independently of TSH control. Iodine plays an important role ...

Sequestosome 1/p62 (hereafter referred to as p62) is a multifunctional protein that orchestrates various cellular stress response pathways including autophagy, proteasome-mediated degradation, antioxidant defense, nutrie...

O músculo estriado esquelético é formado pela associação de fibras musculares com a matriz extracelular. Esse tecido possui alta plasticidade e o conhecimento das características morfológicas, da miogênese, e da ...

Abstract Background Proteins and RNA circulate in plasma and can offer insights into human physiology. Yet, despite their clinical importance, direct comparisons between these analytes remain unexplored. Methods: Here, w...

BackgroundNitric oxide (NO) is a signalling and physiologically active molecule in animals, plants and bacteria. The specificity of the molecular mechanism(s) involved in transducing the NO signal within and between cell...

Abstract Clinicians often view exposure to supplementary oxygen in preterm infants as a simple reciprocal trade‐off between mortality and the risk of vision‐threatening retinopathy, but this perspective oversimplifie...

Abstract Restriction of fetal substrate supply has an adverse effect on surfactant maturation in the lung and thus affects the transition from in utero placental oxygenation to pulmonary ventilation ex utero. However, th...

Zinc is a key micronutrient of the skin, where it is responsible, among others, for regulating the processes of melanocyte proliferation, maturation, and differentiation. Recent research has revealed a possible link betw...

Abstract Background Developing regenerative therapies to restore kidney function in patients with progressive renal disease represents a major challenge for modern molecular nephrology. Kidney organoids, three-dimensiona...

The capillary wall of the glomerulus, which is composed of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and podocytes, is responsible for the ultrafi ltration of plasma in the kidney. The ...

Dapagliflozin, a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor widely used for the treatment of diabetes, has been consistently associated with cardiovascular protection, including attenuation of ischemia/reperfusio...