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In a letter published on March 30, 2021, 24 world leaders have called for global solidarity in the fight against the Covid-19 pandemic. This commitment to act in solidarity with low-income countries however was won under...

The integration of renewable energy sources into modern power systems is a global priority aimed at reducing carbon emissions, decreasing fossil fuel dependency, and advancing sustainable development goals. In this conte...

Abstract Corollary discharge denotes internal signals about the expected sensory consequences of one’s own actions, leading to reduced sensory responses to self-generated stimulation. To investigate the underlying neur...

Vegetation optical depth (VOD), as a key parameter of vegetation, plays an important role in the process of vegetation growth and change. The spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technolog...

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has reduced system resilience, caused economic welfare loss, and widened disparities in healthcare access. This study aims to identify the macro-level factors contributing to COVID-19 va...

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a critical air pollutant with significant environmental and human health impacts, yet global and long-term NO2 datasets with daily continuity and fine spatial resolution remain limited. In this ...

Peatlands are major carbon stores that are sensitive to climate change and increasingly affected by human activity. Accurate assessment of carbon stocks and modelling of peatland responses to future climate scenarios req...

Abstract Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used as surrogates for costly experiments and first-principles simulations to study the behavior of compounds at atomistic scale, and their architectural complexity is con...

Abstract Globally groundwater depletion threatens water security with aquifer storage declining at 300 km³/year. Climate change intensifies flood frequency and magnitude causing agricultural and other losses. Punjab, I...

Abstract The Error Diffusion Learning Algorithm (EDLA) is a learning scheme that performs synaptically local weight updates driven by a single, globally defined error signal. Although originally proposed as an alternativ...

Abstract The integration of the sixth-generation (6G) communication technology and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has realized the intelligence and automation of industrial applications. However, due to the com...

In the context of global warming, heavy precipitation is a frequent and impactful hazardous event. Timely identification of meteorological conditions associated with heavy rainfall is critical for urban flood risk manage...

Abstract Background Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading global cause of disability, yet conventional tools lack sensitivity for early detection and precise prognostication. Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine lear...

Abstract Federated Learning (FL) has been widely used in Internet of Things (IoT) environments as a promising decentralized framework capable of collaborative model training without exposing local data. Despite its advan...

Abstract Background In 2014, the Consortium of Universities for Global Health (CUGH) developed a global health competency framework and called for its validation. Given China's increasing engagement in global health over...

Global food security relies heavily on rice production, which is continuously threatened by crop diseases. Although deep learning (DL) models have demonstrated strong diagnostic performance, their high computational and ...

Lung diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis, COVID-19, and lung cancer remain significant global health challenges that demand rapid and accurate diagnosis to improve patient outcomes. This study proposes NASNet-ViT, a...

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is critical for credible climate decisions, although practice varies contextually. This review explains when to use attributional (ALCA) versus consequential (CLCA) LCAs, consolidating guidanc...

The Global Flood Awareness System (GloFAS) is a promising flood-modelling tool available for most river basins worldwide. However, it contains inherent biases, notably linked to its spatial resolution. This study propose...

Global diversity is an important element in the era of globalisation to form students able to adapt to intercultural situations. Teachers as facilitators help students achieve this by paying attention to learning compone...

Climate change presents significant challenges to ecosystems, economies, and societies globally. In Malaysia, a tropical country highly dependent on its natural resources, the impacts are evident in altered rainfall patt...

When voyage report data is utilized as the main data source for ship fuel efficiency analysis, its information on weather and sea conditions is often regarded as unreliable. To solve this issue, this study approaches AIS...

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the foremost public health issues in the world, and remains the second most salient communicable cause of death after COVID-19. In 2022, TB accounted for 10.6 million new infectio...