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Forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) is the master transcription factor of regulatory T cells (Tregs) and is essential for maintaining immune tolerance. FOXP3 is stably expressed in Tregs, driving their suppressive function, and it i...

Abstract Acute, whole-body exposure to ionizing radiation has the potential to induce widespread injury, compromising multiple organ systems and predisposing the individual to a variety of pathologies. For medical counte...

Objectives: This study examines the convergence of smuggling and trafficking in persons along the Central Mediterranean Route (CMR) to Europe. We explore where and how these phenomena blur, impacting states’ obligation...

Despite the link between conflict and human trafficking having been globally recognised, academic inquiry investigating how the two interact continues to be limited. Given the recency of the full-scale invasion of Ukrain...

Abstract Background Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2 (TREM2) signaling promotes disease-associated microglia (DAM) and phagocytosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional anti-TREM2 agonist antibodies ...

Abstract Accumulation of amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ42) peptide in the extracellular space in the brain is a major observation in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-related pathology. Astrocytes are known to play pivotal role in cl...

Drug discovery research faces significant challenges, with around 90 % of candidate drugs failing in clinical trials. Traditional animal models do not always accurately reflect human physiology and pathology, leading to ...

Introduction:Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric pathology that has an important prevalence among young people and is difficult to diagnose. It is usually treated with methylphenidate, a...

Abstract Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has emerged as a novel approach for understanding anorexia nervosa (AN), a complex eating disorder characterized by severe underweight, fear of weight gain and distorted bo...

Abstract Mutations in the presenilin (PS/PSEN) genes cause early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by enhancing cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). Ho...

Abstract Neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and ALS. Cytoplasmic dsRNA (cdsRNA) triggers a type-I interferon response in human neural cells, leading to th...

Abstract Certain human mutations in the mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase 4A1 (ALDH4A1) lead to a severe, paediatric form of epilepsy and developmental abnormalities, yet the precise molecular mechanism leading to the...

Li Tao,1,2,* Meiling Tai,3,* Zhuang Zhou,3 Zhenwen Chen,1 Rongjinlei Zhang,1 Yuanlong Ge,1 Zhenyu Ju1 1Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine of Ministry of Education, Institute of Aging and Regenerative...

Abstract This consensus statement on chronic hepatitis (CH) in dogs is based on the expert opinion of 7 specialists with extensive experience in diagnosing, treating, and conducting clinical research in hepatology in dog...

Abstract Accurate assessment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2) immunohistochemistry (IHC) expression, particularly the precise identification of “HER2 ultra-low” status, is critical for guiding antib...

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB), has killed nearly one billion people in the last two centuries. Nowadays, TB remains a major global health problem, ranking among the thirteen l...

IntroductionAlzheimer’s disease (AD) is strongly associated with cerebrovascular dysfunction and impaired glymphatic clearance. These dysfunctions may precede, contribute to, and interact bidirectionally with AD pathol...

Abstract Breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer among women worldwide, and its burden is particularly severe in regions affected by conflict and war. In these settings, oncology care is often disrupte...

Chagas disease caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi is endemic in 21 Latin American countries and the southern United States and now is spreading into several other countries due to migration. Despite the e...

Abstract Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO-NPs) are known to trigger systemic toxicity through the disruption of copper homeostasis and the generation of profound oxidative stress. Given their widespread industrial applic...

ABSTRACT Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD) leads to severe renal cysts and progressive kidney dysfunction, with no approved treatments. The absence of such cystic phenotypes in Pkhd1−/− mice under...

ABSTRACT Deep brain stimulation (DBS) for treatment‐resistant depression (TRD) is challenged by significant individual variability in efficacy and unclear neural circuit mechanisms. To address this, a cross‐species, ...

Thymic stromal cells drive T cell development by supplying key cues for progenitor proliferation and differentiation. Although thymic epithelial cells are well characterized, recent studies highlight crucial functions of...

Abstract The status of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a critical determinant of breast cancer progression and outcome, but the role of glycosylation in modulating HER2-related pathways remains poorly ...