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Since most physiology core concepts are equally applicable to humans and other multicellular organisms, human physiology instructors may reasonably wonder whether consistent use of nonhuman assessment questions would enh...

A growing number of studies are now utilizing human organotypic brain slice cultures (OBSC), enabled by improved long-term culture protocols that support the investigation of human-specific cellular physiology. Human OBS...

Abstract Background Developing regenerative therapies to restore kidney function in patients with progressive renal disease represents a major challenge for modern molecular nephrology. Kidney organoids, three-dimensiona...

Drug discovery research faces significant challenges, with around 90 % of candidate drugs failing in clinical trials. Traditional animal models do not always accurately reflect human physiology and pathology, leading to ...

Abstract Background & aims Understanding of the dynamic changes of hepatocytes, hepatic stellate cells (HSC), Kupffer cells (KC), and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSEC) is critical for studying liver (patho)physio...

IntroductionPolygonum multiflorum (PM), a traditional medicinal herb, is renowned for its regenerative effects on hair growth; however, its therapeutic application has been largely confined to crude extracts. Recent adva...

Abstract Background Apoptosis is a continuous process throughout follicular development and plays a critical role in normal ovarian physiology. Although the key apoptotic molecule-encoding genes have been well characteri...

Abstract Personnel within occupational employment (e.g., military/emergency services) are exposed to various stressors concurrently including psychological, cognitive, physical and environmental. Historically, stressors ...

Abstract Restriction of fetal substrate supply has an adverse effect on surfactant maturation in the lung and thus affects the transition from in utero placental oxygenation to pulmonary ventilation ex utero. However, th...

High-altitude environments impose substantial metabolic constraints on human physiology, with oxygen limitation driving profound alterations in lipid regulation. This narrative review synthesizes current evidence on the ...

Abstract Transcriptional master regulators drive cell fate transitions. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) is the master regulator of adipogenesis, and its expression must therefore be tightly regulat...

Abstract Background Proteins and RNA circulate in plasma and can offer insights into human physiology. Yet, despite their clinical importance, direct comparisons between these analytes remain unexplored. Methods: Here, w...

Thyl Snoeck,1,2 Frédéric Paillaugue,1,2 Steven Provyn1,2 1Department of Physiotherapy, Human Physiology and Anatomy, Human Physiology and Sports Physiotherapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgi...

Background. Sugar-Sweetened Beverages (SSB) are a major source of dietary sugars worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that dietary factors, including sugar intake, may influence the composition of the gut microbiota, wh...

Abstract The heart-brain axis is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality following ischemic injury. Pathological and psychological changes in the heart can lead to anxiety, cognitive impairment, and brain in...

Background. The human gastrointestinal tract contains a large community of microorganisms, known as the gut microbiota. Their metabolic and immunological functions influence host physiology. Disruption of this community,...

Abstract Modern gut microbiota research, enabled by high-throughput sequencing, has established gastrointestinal microbial communities as integral components of host biology across the animals and humans. Animal studies ...

Abstract The reflex arc is fundamental to the physiology of posture and robust locomotion. Mimicking biological reflexes in engineered systems has, therefore, high potential to improve robustness and learning performance...

Abstract The heart critically depends on a continuous supply of oxygen, provided by myocardial blood flow (MBF), but reliable quantification of MBF during maximal exercise is not feasible in humans. We measured MBF at re...

BackgroundMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major challenge in reperfusion therapy for acute myocardial infarction, primarily due to excessive oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. ...

Abstract The global rise in mental health conditions has prompted interest in interventions that act beyond conventional psychopharmacology. Psychobiotics, broadly understood as live microorganisms or microbe‐derived p...