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BackgroundNon-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections are increasingly recognized in clinical practice, yet diagnosis remains challenging.Case presentationA 52-years-old immunocompetent male developed chronic finger in...

We present the case of a 58-year-old female with celiac disease, obesity, and recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus who developed a rash on her left thigh which spread and progressed to her arms, face, and abdomen....

Abstract Background Infections caused by members of the Mycobacterium fortuitum complex are generally mild and confined to skin and soft tissues, while severe disease in immunocompetent individuals is uncommon. Within th...

Mycobacterium wolinskyi (MW) is a rapidly growing mycobacterium that was first identified in 1999 using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Although the number of reported cases of MW infection has been increasing in recent years,...

Abstract Background Rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis (RR-TB) remains a major challenge for TB control in Malawi, particularly in densely populated districts such as Blantyre. Most rifampicin resistance is caused by muta...

Abstract Objective To investigate whether serum lysyl oxidase-like 2 (LOXL2) and chitinase-3-like protein 1 (YKL-40) levels are associated with drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in children with pulmonary tubercu...

L-arginine (ARG) availability is a critical determinant of macrophage antimicrobial capacity, as it fuels nitric oxide production and other immune effector pathways essential for restricting Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M...

The current study uses machine learning and explainable AI to predict Bedaquiline (BDQ) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates and also predicts 15 new BDQ-resistant genes from whole-genome sequencing...

IntroductionThe global prevalence of non-tuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease (NTM-PD) is increasing. Individuals with NTM-PD frequently develop chronic pulmonary aspergillosis, which is associated with poor clini...

Tuberculosis (TB) vaccine design relies on the selection of optimal antigens. However, evidence on candidate antigens is scattered across the literature and rarely linked to critical vaccine parameters, such as immune re...

Objectives: This study utilized dual control groups, caries patients (a representative bacterial infectious disease) and healthy individuals, to identify the core microbiome specific to dental fluorosis and elucidate the...

Next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) enables the direct and unbiased detection of pathogens from clinical samples, overcoming the limitations of standard methods. It is particularly valuable in immunocompromised...

Abstract Objective China has achieved remarkable progress in tuberculosis (TB) control, with the incidence rates declining continuously; however, the disease burden among females remained substantial with pronounced r...

Abstract Tuberculosis (TB) has high morbidity and mortality rates, and drug-resistant strains pose an increasing challenge. Traditional methods for detecting the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) are insufficient...

Dedicator of cytokinesis 8 (DOCK8) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive combined immunodeficiency marked by severe atopy, recurrent viral and bacterial infections, high immunoglobulin E, eosinophilia, and lymphopenia...

Abstract 2-Mercapto benzimidazole derivatives are well-recognized for their diverse pharmacological activities, including anti-tubercular, antimicrobial, anti-ulcer, analgesic, and anticancer properties. Isoniazid, a fir...

Abstract Objective Tuberculosis (TB) remains a global health threat with an incompletely understood pathogenesis. The RNA epigenetic modification N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a key regulator of immune responses in various...

Abstract Background Chronic endometritis (CE) has two principal subtypes—non-specific chronic endometritis (NSCE) and endometrial tuberculosis (ETB). Both can adversely affect embryo implantation. Although ETB is gener...

IntroductionAlthough immune responses to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection vary across individuals, the underlying cellular mechanisms regulating this heterogenei...

The study shows that tuberculosis-driven glycolysis in macrophages promotes tunneling nanotube formation, thereby enhancing HIV-1 spread, highlighting metabolism as a target to limit viral dissemination. Tuberculosis (TB...

We previously reported that inherited human retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma T (RORγT) deficiency underlies mycobacterial disease and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) in seven patients from three ances...

BackgroundNew vaccine approaches are needed against tuberculosis (TB). We sought to optimize mucosal immunogenicity and protective efficacy by modulating the adjuvant component and route of immunization of a next-generat...

BackgroundOn-demand gene editing of autologous cells offers a novel therapeutic option for inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) caused by dominant-negative variants, which are often poorly addressed by conventional viral gen...

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global health problem. Emerging evidence suggests that Vitamin D plays a significant immunomodulatory role in host defense against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Vitamin D defic...