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IntroductionGastrodia elata f. glauca represents a superior cultivar of G. elata with considerable commercial value and broad market acceptance. The growth of its tubers and the accumulation of bioactive secondary metabo...

Plant-scale industrial carbon accounting is critical for developing targeted emission-reduction policies. However, most assessments of carbon-intensive sectors rely on aggregate statistics, which obscure significant hete...

The recent expansion of biodiversity recording through citizen science projects represents a valuable tool for enriching our knowledge of biota. Given the rapid ecosystem changes driven by human activities, plant communi...

Plant disease diagnosis in field settings is challenged by subtle symptomology, high inter-class visual similarity, and class imbalance, making automated detection particularly difficult. While deep learning models achie...

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2024 in Al-Boaitha district, Anbar province, with the aim of determining the response of several genotypes of cotton to plant densities and its effect on some ...

BackgroundRecently, plant disease detection and classification have become major concerns in agriculture. Early detection of plant diseases supports farmers to take precautionary actions to prevent the spread of infectio...

A factorial experiment was carried out using Randomized Complete Block Design layout (RCBD) at the experimental research station, College of Agriculture Engineering Science – University of Baghdad- Al-Jadriyah, in an...

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) represent a key biological strategy for enhancing agricultural resilience under extreme climatic events such as drought. However, how AMF interact with drought-tolerant plant genotypes ...

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that directly or indirectly enhance plant growth, crop yields and stress tolerance. In this study, the maize variety ‘Ningdan 33’ was used as the ex...

Grazing reduces grass cover and promotes the dominance of shrubs with high concentration of soluble phenols, which may leach from their canopies and reach neighboring plants and soils. Despite their potential allelopathi...

IntroductionClimate change is increasing the co-occurrence of heat, drought, and soil salinization in Mediterranean agroecosystems, yet their interactive effects on crop physiology remain poorly understood. We investigat...

IntroductionLow temperatures cause flower prematurely of tobacco sensitive variety, severely impacting its yield and quality. MethodsTo uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying cold-induced early flowering in tobacco,...