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Caffeine is one of the most widely used ergogenic aids in sport, known for its performance-enhancing effects on endurance, strength, and cognitive function. Beyond these well-established roles, emerging evidence suggests...

Abstract Background Cold water immersion (CWI) is a common method of post-exercise recovery, but the optimal protocols are not well understood. The lack of exercise-specific guidelines has caused confusion on how CWI sho...

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the prevalence of soft tissue injuries in the upper and lower limbs among professional racquet sports players.Methods: A systematic search was conducted ...

Background: The Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is widely used to evaluate functional outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, there is limited consolidated evidence o...

Abstract Wearable sensor–based human activity recognition (HAR) is central to smart sport and health-monitoring applications, yet existing deep learning models often rely on ad hoc multimodal fusion and offer limited i...

Abstract The increasing availability of positional data in invasion sports like football drives the development of advanced performance metrics. Two widely adopted examples are space control, which quantifies spatial inf...

Background. Stress fractures are a prevalent overuse injury in athletes, with female athletes consistently reporting higher incidence rates than males. This disparity is driven by an interplay of anatomical, hormonal, b...

Background: Musculoskeletal injuries are highly prevalent among military students, and exercise therapy is widely used for both the prevention and rehabilitation of such injuries. This study aimed to examine the effects ...