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Photonic crystal surface-emitting lasers (PCSELs) are promising light sources with numerous advantages, including vertical emission, single-mode operation, and high output power. However, the fabrication of PCSEL devices...

A considerable part of the energy of the traditional terahertz metasurface sensor located in the substrate/dielectric layer, which cannot contact and interact with the analyte, resulting in energy loss and greatly limiti...

Optical neural networks have demonstrated their potential to overcome the computational bottleneck of modern digital electronics. However, their development towards high-performing computing alternatives is hindered by o...

Information modulation plays a crucial role in the contemporary development of photonic information networks. However, prevailing optical modulators exhibit challenges such as structural complexity, high cost, elevated i...

Cathodoluminescence (CL) microscopy has emerged as a powerful tool for investigating the optical properties of materials at the nanoscale, offering unique insights into the behavior of photonic and plasmonic materials un...

Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) are transforming optical technology by miniaturizing complex photonic elements and systems onto single chips. However, scaling PICs to higher densities is constrained by optical crosst...

Background Yueju Pill, a classic traditional Chinese medicine, shows antidepressant effects rapidly. However, biomarkers that can predict its treatment outcomes in major depressive disorder (MDD) are still lacking. Multi...

The deep learning revolution has increased the demand for computational resources, driving interest in efficient alternatives like all-optical diffractive neural networks (AODNNs). These systems operate at the speed of l...

We directly characterize nanoscale spatiotemporal inhomogeneities of multi-layered molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2) in real space and time – the nanometre–femtosecond scale, attributing to local mechanical structures su...

Traditional metasurface design is limited by the computational cost of full-wave simulations, preventing thorough exploration of complex configurations. Data-driven approaches have emerged as a solution to this bottlenec...

Light waves possess multiple degrees of freedom besides intensity, including phase and polarization, that often contain important information but require complex and bulky systems for their measurement. Here we report a ...

Metasurfaces have been widely exploited in imaging and sensing, holography, light–matter interaction, and optical communications in free space and on chip, thanks to their CMOS compatibility, versatility and compact fo...

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful surface-specific probe for centrosymmetric materials, with broad relevance to energy and biological interfaces. Plasmonic nanomaterials have been extensively utilized to amp...

Background Recovery colleges (RCs) support personal recovery through education, skill development and social support for people with mental health problems, carers and staff. Guided by co-production and adult learning pr...

Advanced optical technologies, such as next-generation displays and holographic systems, demand high efficiency, lightweight designs, compact dimensions, and compatibility with curved and thin substrates. However, curren...

We present a photonic mode converter based on a grating structure, modeled and inversely designed by deep neural networks. The neural network maps the physical parameters of the grating to the grating responses, i.e., co...

Metasurfaces composed by arrays of coupled plasmonic resonators have attracted tremendous attention due to their extraordinary abilities to manipulate electromagnetic (EM) waves. However, existing theories for such syste...

The nanoscale optical properties of high-quality MoS2 nanoribbons are investigated using THz nanoscopy based on a scattering-type scanning probe. The nanoribbons comprise a multilayer core, surrounded by monolayer edges....

A polarization-dependent silicon nano-antennas metagrating (PSNM) is proposed for parallel polarization transformation by engineering diffraction orders, upon which a compact Mueller microscopy system is implemented for ...

Cucurbit[7]uril molecules form non-covalent host – guest complexes with small molecular dyes. In addition, cucurbit[7]uril can also bind gold nanoparticles on gold surfaces with a 0.9 nm gap, creating plasmonic nanoc...

Multispectral and hyperspectral imaging have been extensively applied in various imaging domains, where spectral channels with narrow bandwidths provide detailed information for optical signal analysis. The integration o...

Bound states in the continuum (BICs) are localized states within the radiative continuum that exhibit high quality-factor (Q-factor) resonance, which significantly boosts light–matter interactions. However, out-of-plan...