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Paraquat (PQ), a widely used bipyridyl herbicide, exerts neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons and can lead to Parkinson’s disease (PD)-like syndrome. Although immune dysfunction has been implicated in PD progress...

Inflammation plays a key role in the pathogenesis of neurobrucellosis where glial cell interactions are at the root of this pathological condition. In this study, we present evidence indicating that soluble factors secre...

Cholesterol-24-hydroxylase (CYP46), a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily of enzymes, is selectively expressed in the brain and is mainly responsible for cholesterol turnover in the central nervous system. Although...

Abstract Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Its complex pathogenesis remains unclear, and no specific drugs are available for treatment. Current treatments focus mainly on ...

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) neuroinvasion occurs early after infection through the trafficking of virus-infected immune cells into the central nervous system (CNS) and viral dissemination into the brain. There, it...

Epilepsy is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affecting millions of patients worldwide. Retrospective studies in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients have shown a high incidence o...

To study the anti-inflammatory potential of the two synthetic cannabinoids 4′-F-CBD and HU-910, we used post-natal brain cultures of mouse microglial cells and astrocytes activated by reference inflammogens. We found t...

Abstract Accumulation of amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ42) peptide in the extracellular space in the brain is a major observation in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)-related pathology. Astrocytes are known to play pivotal role in cl...

Sequestosome 1/p62 (hereafter referred to as p62) is a multifunctional protein that orchestrates various cellular stress response pathways including autophagy, proteasome-mediated degradation, antioxidant defense, nutrie...

Following brain injury or in neurodegenerative diseases, astrocytes become reactive and may suffer pathological remodeling, features of which are the loss of their homeostatic functions and a pro-inflammatory gain of fun...

IntroductionIsolated maternal hypothyroxinemia (IMH), defined by low free thyroxine (FT4) with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) within the reference range, is a clinically relevant thyroid phenotype in late pregnancy, w...

Background: Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) exerts neuroprotective actions in the central nervous system that are mediated at least in part by control of activation of astrocytes. In this study we have assessed the ...

Subjects / keywords: Microglia; Neuroscience; Axotomy; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Neuroinflammation; Central nervous system; Neuroglia; Biology; Neurodegeneration; Synaptogenesis; Astrocyte; Multiple sclerosis

Abstract Astrocytes play key roles in maintaining brain homeostasis, metabolism, and neurovascular integrity, yet their diversity and age-related modulation remain insufficiently understood, particularly across primate l...

Glioblastomas derived from malignant astrocytes are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system in humans, exhibiting very bad prognosis. Treatment with surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy (mainly us...

Progesterone has been shown to exert pleiotropic actions in the brain of both male and females. In particular, after traumatic brain injury (TBI), progesterone has important neuroprotective effects. In addition to intrac...

Descritas há mais de 150 anos, as células gliais, constituintes do tecido nervoso juntamente com os neurônios, foram consideradas até pouco tempo células de suporte do cérebro, passivas e à margem do seu funcionam...

Abstract Circadian rhythms are 24-h oscillations in behavioral and biological processes such as blood pressure and sodium excretion. Endothelin B (ETB) receptor has been connected to the molecular clock in peripheral tis...

Abstract Epilepsy, characterized by abnormal neuronal hyperexcitability and disrupted ion homeostasis, increasingly appears to involve complex neuron–glia interactions. This study develops a three-compartment computati...

Abstract Abnormal astrocytes activation contributes to disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS), yet the regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Here, we found that repulsive guidance molecule a (RGMa) was ...

Protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type Z (Ptprz) is widely expressed in the mammalian central nervous system and has been suggested to regulate oligodendrocyte survival and differentiation. We investigated the role o...

Shiga toxin 2 (Stx2)-producing enterohemorrhagic induced brain damage. Since a cerebroprotective action was reported for angiotensin (Ang)-(1–7), our aim was to investigate whether Ang-(1–7) protects from brain damag...

Abstract Background Epilepsy in dogs and humans is associated with blood‐brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction (BBBD), which may involve dysfunction of tight junction (TJ) proteins, matrix metalloproteases, and astrocytes. I...