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Abstract There is no unified planning standard for unstructured roads, and the morphological structures of these roads are complex and varied. It is important to maintain a balance between accuracy and speed for unstruct...

Detection of transparent phase specimens especially biological cells with desired contrasts is of great importance in visual display and medical diagnosis. Due to the pure-phase nature, conventional detection approaches ...

Integrated photonic devices and artificial intelligence have presented a significant opportunity for the advancement of optical computing in practical applications. Optical computing technology is a unique computing syst...

The emerging field of photonic topological insulators offers promising platforms for high-performance optical communication, computing, and sensing. However, conventional photonic topological insulator designs typically ...

Recent advancements in inverse design approaches, exemplified by their large-scale optimization of all geometrical degrees of freedom, have provided a significant paradigm shift in photonic design. However, these innovat...