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Abstract BackgroundAfter COVID-19 was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in March 2020, global responses relied on nonpharmaceutical interventions such as physical distancing and mask ...

Abstract Seven major types of sampling for observational studies of social behavior have been found in the literature. These methods differ considerably in their suitability for providing unbiased data of various kinds. ...

For any given research area, one cannot tell how many studies have been con-ducted but never reported. The extreme view of the "file drawer problem " is that journals are filled with the 5 % of the stud...

Determining the strength of nonlinear, statistical dependencies between two variables is a crucial matter in many research fields. The established measure for quantifying such relations is the mutual information. However...

Abstract Background Environmental studies often evaluate how exposures influence health outcomes through intermediate biological processes. In practice, researchers are often interested in complex exposure mixtures rathe...

Abstract The current research on the evaporation of ferrofluids mainly focuses on the characterization of ultra-low vapor pressure ferrofluids in vacuum and the theoretical analysis of the evaporation process. Few studie...

Abstract Behavioural biases influence investment decisions by altering how investors perceive risks and assess financial data. In developing markets like the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX), where behavioural biases affect...

Abstract Background As there are no recommendations on handling missing values in a dichotomous index test of a diagnostic study, researchers often ignore missing values in the analysis or use simple methods. Thus, this ...

One such serious problem in machine learning (ML) is imbalanced datasets. Minority class samples are usually sparse but hold significant meaning. The model can become biased toward the majority class due to unbalanced cl...

Abstract The Problem People use social media platforms to chat, search, and share information, express their opinions, and connect with others. But these platforms also facilitate the posting of divisive, harmful, and ha...

ABSTRACT Priority areas for conservation are largely defined based on information about biodiversity. However, the available information on species richness is heavily biased due to low sampling density, especially in ha...

The martensitic transformation properties (maximum strain, residual strain and transformation stability) of Ni50-x-Ti50-Cox strips produced by twin-roll casting (TRC) and standard casting (SC) were compared. A complete m...

O procedimento de mapeamento por intervalo baseado em modelo aleatório foi aplicado para estudar sua robustez e propriedades no mapeamento de dois QTLs, em populações constituídas de famílias de meios-irmãos. Sob o...

Proportional odds models are commonly used to model ordinal responses, but the proportional odds assumption may not hold in practice, leading to biased inference. Tests such as score, Wald and likelihood ratio (LR) have ...

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are a set of proteins that lack a definite secondary structure in solution. IDPs can acquire tertiary structure when bound to their partners; therefore, the recognition process mu...

Abstract This EFSA report presents the results of the 2024 European Union (EU) pilot monitoring programme on food additives and flavourings, in response to a mandate from the European Commission. This pilot focused on th...

This paper presents further results from our spectroscopic study of the globular cluster (GC) system of the group elliptical NGC 3923. From observations made with the GMOS instrument on the Gemini South telescope, an add...

Using tip-enhanced photoluminescence (TEPL), we investigate micron-size monolayer MoS2 flakes. In a sequence of studies, we apply various voltages between the Ag-coated nano-tip and the MoS2 flakes and observe an intrigu...

Recent research has focused on behavioral correlates of temporal perspective (TP), suggesting that this individual difference has an influence on many health-related behaviors such as smoking and substance use, physical ...

With the rapid growth of Internet of Vehicles (IoV) technology, the attack surface has expanded significantly in recent years. Traditional intrusion detection systems, such as signature-based and rule-based approaches, a...

BACKGROUND: In systematic reviews and meta-analysis, researchers often pool the results of the sample mean and standard deviation from a set of similar clinical trials. A number of the trials, however, reported the study...

We performed a Monte Carlo study to evaluate the effect of the number of events per variable (EPV) analyzed in logistic regression analysis. The simulations were based on data from a cardiac trial of 673 patients in whic...

Accurate modeling of geographic distributions of species is crucial to various applications in ecology and conservation. The best performing techniques often require some parameter tuning, which may be prohibitively time...

Statistical guidelines and expert statements are now available to assist in the analysis and reporting of studies in some biomedical disciplines. We present here a more progressive resource for sample-based studies, meta...