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The present study was conducted to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of the ethanol extracts (PBE) and the non-alkaloid fractions, the crude saponin extract (CSE) and the crude flavonoids extract (...

We derive a new self-organizing learning algorithm that maximizes the information transferred in a network of nonlinear units. The algorithm does not assume any knowledge of the input distributions, and is defined here f...

BACKGROUND: We recently described FastTree, a tool for inferring phylogenies for alignments with up to hundreds of thousands of sequences. Here, we describe improvements to FastTree that improve its accuracy without sacr...

Comparative analysis of molecular sequence data is essential for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of species and inferring the nature and extent of selective forces shaping the evolution of genes and species. He...

PAML, currently in version 4, is a package of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA and protein sequences using maximum likelihood (ML). The programs may be used to compare and test phylogenetic trees, but their main...

UNLABELLED: RAxML-VI-HPC (randomized axelerated maximum likelihood for high performance computing) is a sequential and parallel program for inference of large phylogenies with maximum likelihood (ML). Low-level technical...

This paper reviews the mathematical basis of maximum likelihood. The likelihood function for macromolecular structures is extended to include prior phase information and experimental standard uncertainties. The assumptio...

Fourteen compounds were isolated from the rhizome of Trillium tschonoskii Maxim. By spectroscopic analysis, these compounds were established as Gracillin (1), Paris saponins V (2), Paris saponins VI (3), Paris saponins H...

The history of the development of statistical hypothesis testing in time series analysis is reviewed briefly and it is pointed out that the hypothesis testing procedure is not adequately defined as the procedure for stat...

Maximum likelihood or restricted maximum likelihood (REML) estimates of the parameters in linear mixed-effects models can be determined using the lmer function in the lme4 package for R. As for most model-fitting functio...

Phylogenies are extremely useful tools, not only for establishing genealogical relationships among a group of organisms or their parts (e.g. genes), but also for a variety of research once the phylogenies are estimated. ...

Las especies reactivas del oxígeno (EROS) han sido relacionadas con diferentes enfermedades. Las EROS inducen daños y perjuicios a las membranas celulares vía la peroxidación lipídica (LPO), lo que contribuye a la o...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vivo behavior of matrix tablets formulated with ketoprofen as a model drug after oral administrations in healthy Malaysian male volunteers and to compare its rate and extent o...

Substrate-dependent inhibition of CYP3A4 might influence the extrapolation of drug interactions from the in vitro to in vivo situation. The aim of the present study is to investigate reversible and time-dependent inhibit...

Preface to the Second Edition. Preface to the First Edition. Acknowledgments for the Second Edition. Acknowledgments for the First Edition. 1. Introduction and Preview. 1.1 Preview of the Book. 2. Entropy, Relative Entro...