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The evolutionary history of a set of taxa is usually represented by a phylogenetic tree, and this model has greatly facilitated the discussion and testing of hypotheses. However, it is well known that more complex evolut...

"The presence of sulfated polysaccharides in cell walls of seaweeds is considered to be a consequence of the physiological adaptation to the high salinity of the marine environment. Recently, it was found that sulfated p...

Materias / palabras clave: Transversion; Biology; Nucleotide; Genetics; Molecular evolution; Divergence (linguistics); Rate of evolution; Type (biology); Evolutionary biology; Phylogenetic tree; Gene; Mutation

The use of evolutionary and swarm intelligence algorithms, has become a very popular option to solve complex real-world optimization problems. However, in their original versions, these algorithms lack a mechanism to han...

Evolutionary computation (EC) has been recently recognized as a research field, which studies a new type of algorithms: Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). These algorithms process populations of solutions as opposed to most ...

Evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are often well-suited for optimization problems involving several, often conflicting objectives. Since 1985, various evolutionary approaches to multiobjective optimization have been develope...

Materias / palabras clave: Population stratification; Spurious relationship; Biology; Principal component analysis; Allele frequency; Genetic association; Genome-wide association study; Population; Evolutionary biology; Computational biology; Geno...

In choosing and displaying news, editors, newsroom staff, and broadcasters play an important part in shaping political reality. Readers learn not only about a given issue, but also how much importance to attach to that i...

We present here a framework for the study of molecular variation within a single species. Information on DNA haplotype divergence is incorporated into an analysis of variance format, derived from a matrix of squared-dist...

The ongoing revolution in high-throughput sequencing continues to democratize the ability of small groups of investigators to map the microbial component of the biosphere. In particular, the coevolution of new sequencing...

PAML, currently in version 4, is a package of programs for phylogenetic analyses of DNA and protein sequences using maximum likelihood (ML). The programs may be used to compare and test phylogenetic trees, but their main...

Comparative studies of the relationship between two phenotypes, or between a phenotype and an environment, are frequently carried out by invalid statistical methods. Most regression, correlation, and contingency table me...

Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although di...

Phylogenies are extremely useful tools, not only for establishing genealogical relationships among a group of organisms or their parts (e.g. genes), but also for a variety of research once the phylogenies are estimated. ...

Limblessness is a condition common among reptiles, but rare among endotherms. It provides an excellent working surface for evolutionary studies, as organismic diversity provides us with many interrnediate stages. These a...

Evolutionary computation (EC) has been recently recognized as a research field, which studies a new type of algorithms: Evolutionary Algorithms (EAs). These algorithms process populations of solutions as opposed to most ...

We present a new model for computing the spectral evolution of stellar populations at ages between 100,000 yr and 20 Gyr at a resolution of 3 A across the whole wavelength range from 3200 to 9500 A for a wide range of me...

The emerging field of emotion regulation studies how individuals influence which emotions they have, when they have them, and how they experience and express them. This review takes an evolutionary perspective and charac...