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Abstract Background Cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized the clinical management of cancer due to its promising survival benefits. Although FDA-approved cancer immunotherapy primarily leverages adaptive immunity for t...

Abstract Background Neoadjuvant chemo-immunotherapy has shown promise in improving survival outcomes for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, with pathologic response serving as a critical predictor of long-term ...

Abstract Immunotherapy has transformed cancer treatment, yet only a subset of patients achieves durable responses. Although macrophages play a key role in modulating immune response and could be used to enhance immunothe...

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have fundamentally altered the therapeutic paradigm for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, durable clinical benefit remains limited to biologically define...

Abstract Breast cancer remains one of the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting women worldwide and continues posing a major threat to global health. Current clinical treatments include surgery, chemotherapy, radioth...

Abstract Background Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibits pronounced molecular heterogeneity, and current predictive models rarely incorporate mitochondrial quality-control programs such as mitophagy. We hypothesiz...

Abstract Background Bacterial cancer therapies have regained attention as a strategy to remodel the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Engineered bacteria equipped with tumor-targeting moieties can enhance i...

Abstract Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) outcomes remain suboptimal. Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) exhibit notable immunosuppressive and pro-tumorigenic properties. However, the relationship with HCC...

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor macrophage (CAR-M) therapy has emerged as a highly promising novel platform in solid tumor immunotherapy. Leveraging its inherent tumor-homing capacity, potent phagocytic function, and ...

Abstract Background Platinum-based chemoimmunotherapy is used as a first-line treatment for advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma under specific regulatory circumstances, but effectiveness ...

Abstract Immunotherapy serves as the fourth modality for cancer treatment, following surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, its efficacy remains inconsistent due to the heterogeneity of the tumor microenvironm...

Abstract Background The efficacy of conventional αβ T cell-based immunotherapies is often limited by tumor immune evasion. γδ T cells can bypass these limitations through MHC-independent tumor recognition, but their ...

Abstract Background Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by progressive accumulation of pathological Tau proteins. Among the diverse Tau species, trun...

Abstract Backgrounds Neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) is a standard treatment for rectal carcinoma that reduces tumor size and local recurrence while improving the rate of sphincter preservation. However, many patients ...

Abstract Background Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is an autoimmune central nervous system disorder mainly associated with aquaporin-4 antibodies. While it primarily affects the optic nerves and spinal co...

Abstract Bacteriophages constitute a major component of the human gut virome, playing very important roles in shaping of the structure and function of the gut microbiota. Moreover, bacteriophages interact with the human ...

Abstract Background Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is a predominant contributor to cancer‑related mortality globally. Lung‑associated fibroblasts (LAFs) are intricately linked to tumorigenesis and the tumor microenvironm...

Abstract Objective To systematically evaluate the efficacy differences between stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) and whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) in treating brain metastases from small cell lung cancer (SCLC), and to a...

Abstract Objective This study aimed to systematically identify and validate KIF15 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colon cancer (CC) using integrated bioinformatics analyses. We further explored its ...

Abstract Objective The predictive value of intratumoral microbiota for the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunochemotherapy, as well as the changes in microbiota before and after treatment, has remained largely unexplored. Me...

Abstract Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), the DNA-protein structures released by neutrophils within the tumor microenvironment (TME), play a role in cancer that extends far beyond their traditional antimicrobial fu...

Abstract Neuroimmunological diseases arise from a complex interplay of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and immune-mediated mechanisms. In this context, modifiable lifestyle and environmental factors may ...