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Abstract Classic theories propose opponent functions for striatal dopamine (DA) and serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT), with DA promoting approach and 5HT promoting patience or avoidance. How these neuromodulators regu...

Abstract Epilepsy, characterized by abnormal neuronal hyperexcitability and disrupted ion homeostasis, increasingly appears to involve complex neuron–glia interactions. This study develops a three-compartment computati...

Abstract Fear and pain are two frequently co-occurring states that mammals need to orchestrate to ensure survival. Nevertheless, how the brain dynamically prioritizes between them remains poorly understood. Here, we demo...

Abstract Neural circuits construct internal ‘world-models’ to guide behavior. The predictive processing framework posits that neural activity signaling sensory predictions and concurrently computing prediction-errors...

Abstract Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is caused by a significant loss of orexin-producing neurons. In clinical trials, multiple orexin receptor 2 (OX2R)-selective agonists (e.g., danavorexton, TAK-994, and oveporexton) improv...

Abstract Corollary discharge denotes internal signals about the expected sensory consequences of one’s own actions, leading to reduced sensory responses to self-generated stimulation. To investigate the underlying neur...

Abstract Mutations in the CYFIP2 gene, particularly the R87C variant, are associated with severe epileptic encephalopathy, and present challenges for therapeutic development. This study utilized CRISPR/Cas9-edited human ...

Abstract Tunneling nanotubes (TNTs) play a crucial role in intercellular communication, enabling transfer of molecular cargoes over long distances between connected cells. Previous studies have demonstrated efficient, di...

Abstract Half of all newborn neurons in the developing brain are removed via efferocytosis - the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells. Microglia are brain-resident professional phagocytes that play important roles in ...

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) disproportionately affects children and adolescents and has been associated with poorer neurocognitive performance, but the biological mechanisms driving symptom variability an...

Abstract Mosaic variegated aneuploidy (MVA), a rare human congenital disorder that causes microcephaly, is characterized by extensive abnormalities in chromosome number and results from mutations in genes involved in acc...

Abstract We introduce quantum Kolmogorov-Arnold networks (QKAN), a quantum algorithmic framework inspired by the recently proposed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (KAN). QKAN inherits the compositional structure of KAN and is...

Abstract Neuroinflammation is a pathological feature of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s disease and ALS. Cytoplasmic dsRNA (cdsRNA) triggers a type-I interferon response in human neural cells, leading to th...