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Over the past few decades, the pharmaceutical sector has witnessed the occurrence of a particular type of agreement used to settle patent disputes between originator and generic drug manufacturers: so-called reverse paym...

Market definition is fundamental to EU competition law. It serves as a preliminary step in assessing dominance, anti-competitive conduct, and merger control. With respect to the pharmaceutical sector, traditional approac...

Based on many years of experience in the organization of the third stage of Ukrainian National Astronomy Olympiad, the authors of the article attempt to formulate general principles for the selection and compilation of a...

This paper presents the main attributes of the law with regard to the development and prosperity of an economy, following the principles set forth by the Austrian School. The law has an intrinsic nature with the market e...

Algorithms pose interesting challenges to competition law, particularly discussing which practices involving this fast-paced technologies may or should be caught under Article 101 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the ...

So-called ‘blanket bans’ on visiting football supporters travelling to fixtures of European football competitions appear to have become a key source of contention between clubs, fans, football and political authoriti...

This article critically analyses the enforcement framework of the EU Digital Markets Act (DMA), with a focus on its early operational phase. The DMA establishes a new regulatory regime that addresses entrenched platform ...

Modern technologies and digital channels of communication have a significant impact on public opinion and the dynamics of propaganda, because in modern armed conflicts and international affairs, the media do not have the...

In the context of globalization, copyright trade has become a pivotal arena for national cultural diplomacy and the competition of soft power. Although China has faced a persistent trade deficit over the past decade, the...

The present article examines four interrelated elements of the economy: namely, markets, labour, production, and distribution. These elements thus function as principles and laws. This approach is predicated on the premi...

Abstract In an increasingly digital world, reliable personal authentication has become an important human computer interface application, some examples where establishing a person’s identity. Biometrics is the science ...

The article defines the very essence of economic diplomacy as a science of international economic relations and a tool of the foreign economic policy of the state, which is a set of nonmilitary practical measures, techni...

The interactions between the government and the opposition in Ukraine during the Revolution of Dignity (November 2013 – February 2014), a pivotal stage in the development of the contemporary Ukrainian political system,...

Abstract The digital business environment has become a focal point of global competition. As the world’s second-largest economy, China’s digital economy has a huge scale, and its exploration of institutional innovati...

The aim of the article is to determine the institutional foundations for the formation of the state aid statistics system to support the implementation of research projects and innovations by business entities in the EU,...

The practice of blocking and speculative trademark applications exploits administrative gaps in the first-to-file system to secure advantages without genuine commercial intent. This article employs statutory, conceptual,...

The European Union (EU) is currently overhauling its pharmaceutical regulations, seeking to mature a single market for medicines as part of a ‘European Health Union’. We reflect on the interactions between regulation...

Over the past two decades, large technology firms have evolved into complex digital ecosystems operating across multiple, interconnected markets. This transformation has been driven not only by internal innovation, but a...