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Due to error sources arising from undersampling of target signals and imperfections in background models, the single-pair satellite gravity missions equipped with the low-low satellite-to-satellite tracking technology ar...

Multimodal remote sensing image registration is a fundamental step for multisource data fusion and geospatial analysis. However, nonlinear radiometric, textural, and geometric discrepancies across modalities challenge in...

Due to the limitation of lacking elevation resolution, ground-based interferometric radar suffers from serious layover problem when applied to building deformation monitoring. Ground-based tomographic arc-scanning synthe...

Few-shot object detection (FSOD) recently garnered increasing attention in remote sensing images (RSIs). Although FSOD has achieved success in natural sense, the large size and complex backgrounds of RSIs make FSOD espec...

Abstract Accurate estimation of ground motion at the surface is fundamental to seismic hazard assessment and resilient infrastructure design. The Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 2020 provides generalized seismic...

Infrared thermal radiation signals are highly susceptible to environmental interference, leading to dynamic fluctuations. Consequently, weak targets are frequently submerged in heavy clutter backgrounds under extreme sce...

With the rapid advancement of remote sensing technology, target detection in remote sensing imagery plays a crucial role in military reconnaissance, urban planning, and other fields. However, there are problems such as l...

The field of remote sensing change detection (RSCD) has witnessed remarkable progress. Most existing RSCD methods currently follow the encoder-feature interaction-decoder architecture. However, these methods often treat ...

Driven by satellite remote sensing observations, deep learning models provide a promising solution for the rapid estimation of subsurface thermohaline structures. By learning from large-scale paired surface–subsur...

The plasmasphere contains rich small-scale structure that plays a key role in regulating wave propagation and mass transport in the inner magnetosphere, yet the evolution of plasmaspheric density ducts remains poorly und...

Abstract Shallow S-wave velocity (VS) structures in Tainan City, Taiwan, were characterized using microtremor array data for 18 sites compiled by Huang et al. (Terr Atmos Ocean Sci 35:20, 2024). Theoretical transfer func...

Terrestrial evaporation ($E$) plays a crucial role in the water, energy, and carbon cycles and modulates climate change through multiple feedback mechanisms. While process-based models estimate $E$ using satellite-derive...

Abstract An integrated hydrochemical, statistical, and geospatial approach was adopted in the present study to evaluate the groundwater quality of the Mangura Nala watershed in the state of Bihar, India. A total of 154 g...

Measurements from global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) have proven effective for applications in sea surface height (SSH). Deep learning-based methods for spaceborne GNSS-R SSH retrieval can effectiv...

Recently, to enhance the ability of deployed models to adapt to continually changing environments, the continual test-time adaptation (CTTA) for urban scene image (USI) segmentation has been preliminarily studied. CTTA a...

High-quality lunar imaging is essential to terrain modeling, resource assessment, and landing navigation. However, due to the limited depth-of-field of lunar probe cameras, a single image cannot simultaneously capture cl...

With advances in aerospace technology, high-resolution optical imagery from satellites, such as China’s Gaofen series, is vital for climate monitoring and agriculture. However, cloud cover significantly impedes th...

The increasing frequency and severity of wildfires necessitates advanced methods for effective surveillance and management, as traditional ground-based techniques often struggle to adapt to rapidly changing fire behavior...

Vegetation optical depth (VOD), as a key parameter of vegetation, plays an important role in the process of vegetation growth and change. The spaceborne Global Navigation Satellite System Reflectometry (GNSS-R) technolog...

Buildings serve as a key indicator of human land use, and building change detection plays a crucial role in urban growth and shrinkage monitoring, land use planning, and urban development assessment and management. Curre...

Abstract This study re-examines the provenance of the Miocene Murree Formation through detailed analysis of field exposures and sedimentary trends. Previous interpretations have commonly attributed the primary sediment s...

Infrared dim and small target detection is crucial in fields, such as military reconnaissance and remote sensing. However, due to the extremely small target size, lack of texture, and low signal-to-noise ratio, the direc...

Weakly supervised semantic segmentation (WSSS), particularly using image-level labels, has emerged as a pivotal solution to alleviate the burden of costly and labor-intensive pixel-level annotations typically required fo...

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and visual Transformers have become the dominant approaches for hyperspectral image (HSI) classification due to their powerful feature representation capabilities. However, CNNs are l...