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The extensive reliance on fossil resources for fuels and platform chemicals has raised critical concerns over resource depletion and increasing greenhouse gas emissions. To address these challenges, microalgae offer a pr...

Scleroderma is a systemic autoimmune disease of unknown origin characterized by excessive deposition of collagen and other connective tissue macromolecules in multiple organs. It can cause thrombotic microangiopathy. Scl...

Plasmapheresis is a method of cleaning the high molecular weight solutes such as immune complexes, protein-bound toxins, autoantibodies, cryoglobulins, myeloma light chains, and endotoxins from the extracorporeal blood p...

Abstract Autophagy plays an important role in maintaining cell homeostasis through degradation of denatured proteins and other biological macromolecules. In recent years, many researchers focus on mechanism of autophagy ...

The capillary wall of the glomerulus, which is composed of glomerular endothelial cells (GECs), the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), and podocytes, is responsible for the ultrafi ltration of plasma in the kidney. The ...

Biologic therapeutics have transformed the treatment of chronic and life-threatening diseases, yet their clinical use depends almost entirely on parenteral administration. Oral delivery is the preferred route for patient...

OBJECTIVES: Oxidative stress (OS) is the most important common pathway in the pathogenesis of endothelial and vascular damage related with the cardiovascular risk factors. Reactive oxygen species damage the macromolecu...

Affinity partitioning combines the partitioning behavior of biological macromolecules in aqueous two phase systems with the principle of biorecognition. Among the numerous substances that have been evaluated as ligands,...

Photodynamic priming (PDP), a collateral effect of photodynamic therapy, can transiently alter the tumor microenvironment (TME) beyond the cytotoxic zone. Studies have demonstrated that PDP increases tumor permeability a...

Proteins are fundamental biological macromolecules responsible for a wide range of cellular functions. Traditionally, a central paradigm linked the amino acid sequence to a unique, ordered three-dimensional structure tha...

Plasmapheresis is an extracorporeal procedure, which is often employed to rapidly lower circulating titers of autoantibodies, immune complexes or toxins. There are two types of plasmapheresis namely, regular plasmapheres...

This book focuses on the various invasive and non-invasive techniques which can be used for the characterization of starch macromolecules along with, the various types of physical, chemical, and enzymatic modifications o...

Bacterial exopolysaccharides (EPS) are macromolecules usually synthesized during growth under certain incubation conditions. Depending on their location, they may be of a capsular type (tightly bound to the cell surface)...