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The Thomas–Reiche–Kuhn (TRK) sum rule is a fundamental consequence of the position–momentum commutation relation for an atomic electron, and it provides an important constraint on the transition matrix elements for...

Metasurfaces based on the Pancharatnam–Berry (PB) phase have attracted significant attention in the domains of subwavelength optics and electromagnetics. Conventional theory predicts that the PB phase is exactly twice ...

In a reciprocal medium, transmission of electromagnetic (EM) waves is symmetric along opposite directions which restrict design and implementation of various systems in optics and photonics. Asymmetric transmission (AT) ...

Nonlinear optics has generated a wide range of applications in the fields of optical communications, biomedicine, and materials science, with nonlinear conversion efficiency serving as a vital metric for its progress. Ho...

Skyrmions are topological structures characterized by a winding vectorial configuration that provides a quantized topological charge. In magnetic materials, skyrmions are localized spin textures that exhibit unique stabi...

The manipulation of vector optical fields in three-dimensional (3D) space plays a vital role in both fundamental research and practical implementations of polarization optics. However, existing studies mostly focus on 3D...

Meta-optics have opened new possibilities for portable, high-performance microscopy, offering ultrathin and highly customizable wavefront control in scenarios where bulky optics limit adoption. Here, we use this capabili...

Manipulating on-chip optical modes via components in analogy with free-space devices provides intuitional light control, and this concept has been adopted to implement single-lens–assisted spot size conversion using in...

Optical vortices (OVs) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have attracted considerable interest in the field of optics and photonics owing to their peculiar optical features and extra degree of freedom for carrying i...

Dielectric metasurfaces supporting optical resonances have become a promising platform for quantum and nonlinear optics. However, resonant metasurfaces remain limited in their capacity to independently control the behavi...

Structured beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) provide powerful capabilities for applications in optical tweezers, super-resolution imaging, quantum optics, and ad-vanced microparticle manipulation. However, it...