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Today, only three odontocete (toothed whales) genera are restricted to freshwater habitats: the Amazon River dolphin (Inia geoffrensis), the possibly extinct Yangtze River dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer) (Turvey et al., 200...

The South American Ctenomys is the most speciose genus among both hystricomorphs and subterranean rodents of the world. Here, we present the most exhaustive phylogenies and timetree of living and extinct Ctenomys attempt...

A palynomorph with an unequivocal relationship to the eight-grain polyads of the mimosoid genus Calliandra Benth., is described from the Miocene sediments of San Juan Province, Argentina. Comparison of the fossil palynom...

The conifer family Araucariaceae is characterized by a relatively small extant diversity, especially comparedwith its rich, diverse and worldwide distribution in the fossil record. Most of the Mesozoic record ofAraucaria...

The upper Dhok Pathan Formation is characterized to newly found Pachyportax fossils from Late Miocene outcrops in the Hasnot region. The discovered dental remains of Pachyportax include upper and lower molars. Based on m...

The fragmentary early Homo fossil record represents a temporally expansive and complex lineage that is morphologically and geographically diverse. This large amount of variation, which also captures the transition period...

New findings of early vertebrates, including placoderms, sarcopterygians, and the galeaspids Sanqiaspis rostrata, Macrothyraspis longicornis, Gantarostraspis gengi, Wenshanaspis sp., are described from Posongchong Format...

Systematic tool use is a central component of the human niche. However, the timing and mode of its evolution remain poorly understood. A newly developed method for the analysis of muscle recruitment patterns (Validated E...

The Middle Pleistocene hominin fossil record is taxonomically diverse, with Homo sapiens, Homo neanderthalesis, Homo naledi, and Homo erectus, all existing at various times during this period. These species are generally...

Current hypotheses of early tetrapod evolution posit close ecological andbiogeographic ties to the extensive coal-producing wetlands of the Carboniferouspalaeoequator with rapid replacement of archaic tetrapod groups by ...

We investigate the enamel microstructure of 37 isolated rodent incisors from several late middle Eocene and late Oligocene localities of Contamana (Loreto Department, Peruvian Amazonia), and from the early Oligocene TAR-...

As the twentieth century neared its midpoint, paleoanthropology was in dire need of revitalization and some coherent concept of evolution.  Sadly, as introduced to paleoanthropology by Ernst Mayr in 1950, the Modern Evo...

Species identification in fossils often implicitly makes use of geographic and temporal gaps in the record to help bolster arguments distinguishing one species from another.  As these gaps start to be filled, paleontolo...

Los Xenarthra (Mammalia) constituyen un grupo monofilético, caracterizado por una arquitectura esqueletaria particularmente distinta a la de los demás mamíferos placentarios. Su distribución actual es casi exclusivam...

Two biogeographical units are generally recognized in the present shelf area of Argentina: the Magellanian andArgentinian Provinces. The two provinces differ in their fossil record. The evolution of these provinces has b...

Los Metriorhynchidae fueron los únicos Crocodylomorpha con un estilo de vida marino pelágico. Relacionado con este estilo de vida, su peculiar plan corporal permite diferenciarlos claramente de los demás Crocodylomorp...

After teeth, mandibles and mandibular fragments are the best represented element in the early hominin fossil record. Among these, the mandibular hypodigm of Paranthropus boisei is the largest ascribed to a single early h...

Dr. William ("Bill") H. Kimbel passed away on April 17, 2022.  Bill was a much-admired and internationally renowned scholar of paleoanthropology, best known for his field work in Hadar, Ethiopia. His contributions to un...

Over the past three decades, a new picture of our own ancestral past has emerged through the elucidation of the complex genetic relationships between Neanderthals, Denisovans, and modern humans by the direct analysis of ...

The Neuquén Basin is a stratigraphically- and economically-important Early Cretaceous depocentre located in west-central Argentina. The Early Valanginian to Early Barremian succession (upper Vaca Muerta, Mulichinco and ...

The objective of the present paper is to recognize and reconstruct, from the analysis of pollen recovered from sedimentary cores, the predominant plant communities and their variations during the Holocene in Corrientes A...

Preservation of arthropod cuticles is of paramount importance for taphonomic interpretations in which the fossil record of the chitin-protein complex is considered a key molecular signature of the group studied. In this ...

Los estudios neotafonómicos de vertebrados proveen información sobre los mecanismos y procesos que pueden modificar las características originales de los elementos esqueléticos de vertebrados actuales, y pueden usars...

We report the first record of a snake from the Cretaceous of northern South America. The remains come from the La Luna Formation (La Aguada Member, Cenomanian of Venezuela) and consist of several vertebrae, which belong ...