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The parenteral administration of antivenoms is the cornerstone of snakebite envenoming therapy. Efforts are made to ensure that antivenoms of adequate efficacy and safety are available world-wide. We address the main iss...

Abstract Introduction Bordetella pertussis infections have resurged globally, posing notable public health challenges, particularly in pediatric populations. Poland remains the only EU country that continues to use the w...

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the meanings that Brazilians attribute to the vaccines against COVID-19. A non-probabilistic sample of 1,817 Brazilians was used, each of whom answered a sociodemograp...

BackgroundNew vaccine approaches are needed against tuberculosis (TB). We sought to optimize mucosal immunogenicity and protective efficacy by modulating the adjuvant component and route of immunization of a next-generat...

Early-life vaccinations often yield short-lived antibody (Ab) responses due to limited germinal center (GC) reaction and plasma cell (PC) survival. The aim of the study was to assess how vaccine delivery routes (homologo...

ABSTRACT The target cp1002_RS01850 from Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis was used to construct a DNA and recombinant subunit vaccine against caseous lymphadenitis. Recombinant protein rCP01850 was expressed in Escheric...

Abstract Background Vaccine refusal is a growing public health concern, threatening herd immunity and the control of vaccine-preventable diseases. The COVID-19 pandemic has influenced healthcare delivery and vaccine refu...

ABSTRACT The influence of fasting and vaccination against infectious bronchitis (IB) on growth, gastrointestinal development, and morphometric parameters of the small intestine of newborn broiler breeders was investigate...

Abstract Introduction Tuberculosis (TB) affects over 10 million people worldwide annually, is difficult to treat, and is a major cause of death. The M72/AS01E candidate vaccine is the first vaccine in over 100 years wit...

Porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), caused by pathogenic porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), remains one of the most economically devastating diseases in the global swine industry, and the continued emergence an...

This research is focused on the impact of poliomyelitis in current era. It also explores strategies for its prevention and control. The study utilizes qualitative research methods to comprehensively explain and support i...

Abstract BackgroundWith the advent of new vaccines, including the COVID-19 vaccines introduced during the recent pandemic, the need for near real-time active surveillance has increased to support timely regul...

Streptococcus pneumoniae is a serious public health problem, especially in developing countries, where available vaccines are not part of the vaccination calendar. We evaluated different respiratory mucosa immunization p...

Background and Objectives: Proper feeding practices of children less than 2 years of age is important because it is the most critical period of life for optimal growth and development. This study aims to use the newly ...

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the behavior of immunocastrated male pigs compared with females and castrated males during the period before and after full immunization. A total of 30 animals were di...

mRNA vaccines emerged as a leading vaccine technology during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, their sustained protective efficacies were limited by relatively short-lived antibody responses and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2...

Abstract Objective The escalating threat of antimicrobial resistance poses significant clinical challenges, particularly in cases of co-infections involving Staphylococcus aureus (SA) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), ...

Problem: The phenotype and function of regulatory T (Treg) cells in rats with experimental autoimmune orchitis (EAO) was evaluated. Method of study: Distribution of Treg cells in draining lymph nodes from the testis (TLN...

Introduction Six years later, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on children in Latin America remains profound. Even though they were considered less susceptible to the disease, infants have emerged as one of the most a...

Abstract Objective To compare the differential activation characteristics of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) agonist KFD and Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonist R837 on nasal epithelial cells (NECs) and bone marrow-derive...

Abstract Cattle tick fever (CTF) causes significant economic losses in the livestock sector. The pathogenic action of the hemoparasites is associated with anemia, weight loss, abortion and reduced productivity, which res...

Abstract Objective High-altitude chronic hypoxia can alter the immune status, yet the immune regulatory characteristics of various vaccine adjuvants in this environment remain to be fully elucidated. Accordingly, emph...

Abstract Objective The aim of the present study is to list the published clinical trials on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines, to describe the mechanism of action of the identified vaccines, and to identify p...

Abstract Cardiac tissue from autoimmune myocarditis mice was studied to evaluate the expression and biological activity of mRNA encoding H(1) receptor and iNOS. BALB/c inbred mice were immunized with heart protein and s...