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The innate immune response to West Nile virus (WNV) infection involves recognition through toll-like receptors (TLRs) and RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs), leading to establishment of an antiviral state. MiRNAs (miRNAs) have ...

IntroductionHyperuricemia, pulmonary hypertension, renal failure, alkalosis (HUPRA) syndrome is a mitochondrial disease caused by mutations in SARS2 (seryl-tRNA synthetase 2), which plays a role in protein synthesis. Lim...

Immune dysregulation can lead to autoimmunity and autoinflammation. The goal of treatment is to balance targeted therapies while avoiding infections or other side effects, which becomes complicated with multiple diagnose...

The composition of the upper respiratory tract (URT) microbiota is shaped by both anatomical niches and host immune defenses. Older adults (>65 years) are at greatest risk of acquiring severe URT infections. However, ver...

Background and AimsThe immune response to an infectious agent is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways involving numerous genes encoding inflammatory mediators, proteins of the innate and adaptive immune s...

Abstract Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a mosquito-borne zoonosis of major concern for human and animal health, yet no licensed human vaccine exists. Here, we engineered a self-assembling nanoparticle vaccine candidate by ge...

Reptiles proved to have a versatile and efficient nonspecific immune system adapted to the environment where they commonly live. Phospholipase A2 (PLA2) is important hydrolytic enzyme involved in the regulation of specif...

Abstract Background Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) is a major problem affecting beef cattle after arrival to feedlots. Alternatives to antibiotics are needed for prevention. Hypothesis Stimulation of pulmonary innate i...

Faiz Minhajuddin,1 Sean P Colgan,1,2 Ian M Cartwright1,2 1Mucosal Inflammation Program, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA; 2VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Au...

Immune responses and inflammation are not stand-alone processes linearly regulated by the canonical signaling pathways but complex systems biology events, which are deeply rooted in the metabolic state of cells and dynam...

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cancer share common pathogenetic mechanisms that involve immune dysregulation and inflammatory responses. Inflammasomes, part of the initial innate immune response to infect...

BET inhibitors (BETi) have shown potential to augment tumor immunogenicity in melanoma. However, conflicting evidence exists regarding their precise mechanism of action, and their overall impact on melanoma immunogenicit...

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have fundamentally altered the therapeutic paradigm for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, durable clinical benefit remains limited to biologically define...

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is a DNA virus linked to multiple malignancies associated with compromised immunity, such as Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL). These malignancie...

Brucellosis, a zoonotic disease, triggers severe inflammation and reproductive complications in both humans and animals. The standard treatment protocol relies on prolonged antibiotic courses, often combining streptomyci...

Galectins, a family of animal lectins, play central roles in immune system regulation, shaping both innate and adaptive responses in physiological and pathological processes. These include rheumatoid arthritis (RA), a ch...

IntroductionIn co-endemic regions, hosts are concurrently infected by related apicomplexan hemoparasites, Plasmodium and the zoonotic pathogen Babesia. This study investigates how Plasmodium berghei XAT-Babesia rodhaini ...

Introduction and aims: Healing abutment dislodgement is a common clinical complication in dental implantology, yet its impact on peri-implant soft tissue immunity remains unclear. This exploratory pilot study aimed to in...

Helminths are a major health concern as over one billion people are infected worldwide and, despite the multiple efforts made, there is still no effective human vaccine against them. The most important drugs used nowaday...

IntroductionBovine mastitis remains one of the most prevalent diseases in dairy cattle and is largely managed through antibiotic therapy, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Host-directed strategies that enhan...

IntroductionFrancisella tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia, a severe infection that can be fatal if untreated. There is a need for improved therapeutic options to enhance the efficacy of existing antibiotic r...

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a challenging hematologic malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Here, we report the development of a multifunctional, pH-responsive, and biodegradable...

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) features chronic low-grade inflammation in white adipose tissue (WAT), where adipocytes and innate immune cells engage in immunometabolic crosstalk. Mitochondrial damage-associated molecula...

Paraquat (PQ), a widely used bipyridyl herbicide, exerts neurotoxic effects on dopaminergic neurons and can lead to Parkinson’s disease (PD)-like syndrome. Although immune dysfunction has been implicated in PD progress...