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Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are transforming adoptive cell therapy by combining unlimited self-renewal, broad differentiation potential, and high amenability to genome engineering. These attributes make ...

Abstract Background Furosemide is commonly used off-label in the neonatal intensive care unit to promote diuresis and improve pulmonary mechanics in preterm infants, but prolonged exposure carries known renal and ototoxi...

BackgroundComplex congenital heart disease (CHD) has long been a significant cause of infant mortality and severe morbidity. However, pediatric cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is gaining recognition, and evidence regarding p...

BackgroundGlucocorticoid therapy in pneumonia patients confounds conventional inflammatory biomarkers, hindering accurate risk stratification. The lactate dehydrogenase-to-albumin ratio (LAR), a proposed steroid-resilien...

Abstract Background Systemic thrombolysis is recommended for high-risk pulmonary embolism, but is associated with a substantial bleeding risk due to thrombolysis-induced coagulopathy. However, recent advances in precisio...

Abstract Background Children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) occasionally develop liver disorders. Glycogenic hepatopathy and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease are the most common conditions found in...

Abstract BackgroundAtrial fibrillation (AF) and atrial flutter (AFL) are common arrhythmias associated with the risk of ischemic stroke, which can be reduced with anticoagulation therapy. Thus, early diagnosi...

IntroductionKabuki syndrome (KS) is a rare, complex, multisystem, neurodevelopmental congenital disorder with characteristic phenotypic anomalies and pathogenic genetic variants of the KMT2D or KDM6A genes. KS is highly ...

IntroductionPediatric hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (pHLH) is a life-threatening condition characterized by aberrant immunopathology and systemic manifestations. The HLH-2004 protocol prioritizes urgent immunosuppre...

The nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB1) pathway is a central regulator of inflammatory gene expression. NFKB1 haploinsufficiency can present with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)...

Combined diquat and paraquat poisoning is a rare but clinically significant form of poisoning, associated with severe oxidative stress and multiorgan failure. Historical case series have reported high case fatality, part...

AIM: Acute renal failure (ARF) is an important clinical problem in the neonatal period and usually related with a primary disease. Unless diagnosed early and treated properly, it may cause significant mortality and mor...

Manual monitoring of intravenous (IV) therapy is labor-intensive and susceptible to human error, posing risks to patient safety. Existing computer vision-based approaches have addressed either drip rate estimation or flu...

A 10-year-old patient was admitted to the pediatric sub-intensive care unit due to massive rectal bleeding and severe acute anemia. His medical background included Asperger syndrome and a history of chronic constipation ...

Background and AimsThe immune response to an infectious agent is regulated by a complex network of signaling pathways involving numerous genes encoding inflammatory mediators, proteins of the innate and adaptive immune s...

ObjectivePrevious randomized controlled trials have shown good efficacy and safety of omadacycline in patients with infectious diseases, but relevant real-world evidence is still insufficient. This large-scale study aime...

Abstract Infectious disease diagnostics has been transformed by metagenomic next‐generation sequencing (mNGS), an unbiased approach that detects bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites in a single assay. By sequencing ...

Enterotoxaemia remains one of the most severe and rapidly fatal diseases affecting goats, mainly caused by Clostridium perfringens types C and D. Despite widespread vaccination practices, the disease continues to produce...

BackgroundX-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (XHIM) due to CD40L deficiency typically presents in early childhood with recurrent sinopulmonary or opportunistic infections, and its initial manifestations can be misleading. We re...

OBJECTIVE: Receiving urgent hemodialysis (HD) in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients significantly increases morbidity and mortality. We aimed to explore the factors involved in the development of urgent hemodialysis...

Abstract A 61‐year‐old man visited our hospital with a sudden onset of polydipsia and polyuria occurring 5 days prior, accompanied by a 5‐kg weight loss. A month prior, his glycated hemoglobin level was 6.2%. Pre...

Background and AimsAcquired immunodeficiency in patients with hematological oncology is a serious and common complication, significantly impacting prognosis and quality of life. High doses of cytostatic drugs and the mal...

Objective To assess the healthcare burden of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among very preterm infants in China.Design A prospective cohort study between 2022 and 2023.Setting Chinese Neonatal Network (CHNN) participat...

BackgroundHydrops fetalis encompasses diverse fetal disorders with high perinatal mortality, and contemporary regional data are limited.MethodsWe conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study at a Saudi tertiary r...