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Open account and letter of credit are the most often used forms of payment in international trade. The first one is simple and cost efficient, but without payment assurance for the seller, the second one is secured, but ...

A mudança de paisagem das relações internacionais depois do fim da Guerra Fria produziu novas conceituações a respeito de Estados que são percebidos como ameaça pelos Estados Unidos, o único superpoder remanescen...

Abstract This study explores the subjective estimation of vehicle occupancy (SEVO) in public passenger transport (PPT), with a focus on demographic, situational, and environmental factors. Addressing a gap in research wi...

Across contemporary democracies, intensifying political polarization, electoral distrust, and rising support for strong leaders have raised concerns about democratic stability. Drawing on Intergroup Threat Theory and Jus...

This article examines the U.S. presidents’ securitization and desecuritization of post-revolutionary Iran. Employing securitization theory as its theoretical framework and qualitative content analysis as its research m...

ABSTRACT Tree legumes are an underexploited resource in warm-climate silvopastures. Perceived benefits of tree legumes include provisioning (browse/mast, timber, fuel, human food, natural medicines, and ornamentals), reg...

Artificial intelligence (AI), notably embodied in ChatGPT, has transformed various sectors, including education and content creation. Initially conceptualized in the 1950s, AI’s integration into education has facilitat...

The aim of this article is to describe attacks and hybrid activities from the Russian Federation against the Republic of Poland from June 2021 to the end of 2024. They are presented with a distinction between attacks aga...

The authors analyse the invasions and accompanying intelligence activities as coup de main operations, understood not as strict execution of the art of war, but rather as a coup d’état carried out by external forces o...

Crisis-like events contribute to a heightened sense of threat and the state, in order to restore this imbalance, creates protective systems. One of them is the healthcare system. The law in force in Poland requires the s...