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Abstract Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is an extremely lethal cerebrovascular emergency that can lead to severe long term neurological deficits. Modern research evidence indicates that the incidence of SAH varies signifi...

As the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) continues to rise worldwide, more and more patients are reporting a lower quality of life. In addition to causing common nasal symptoms such as...

Background and purposeWe observed that some late-term fetal prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed normal brain structures but exhibited diffuse hyperintense signals on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in the...

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effect of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) targeting multiple brain regions on the recovery of consciousness in patients with minimally conscious state (...

Abstract Background Acquired narcolepsy has rarely been reported in veterinary medicine. Objective To describe the presentation, clinicopathological features, diagnostic imaging findings, and management of dogs with susp...

Abstract Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease that profoundly impacts patients’ daily lives. Electroencephalography (EEG) serves as a crucial tool for the clinical diagnosis of epilepsy and other brain disorders....

Abstract As consumers become more interested in healthier lifestyles, the global functional food market is expanding. Probiotics have gained attention because of their numerous health benefits to the host and may even tr...

Abstract High-density, long-term stable decoding of whole-brain function is crucial for advancing basic neuroscience research and developing neural disorder therapies. However, two major challenges remain: the lack of sc...

Organotypic slice culture is a sophisticated technique historically used in cellular and developmental neurobiology to investigate three-dimensional architecture and cellular interactions. Maintaining thin tissue slices ...

In this study, the authors show that treatment with acetyl-carnitine can ameliorate learning and memory defects and hyperactivity in a mouse model of the cognitive disorder, Arboleda–Tham syndrome. Pathogenic variants ...

Gastrointestinal (GI) diseases are common multifactorial disorders involving chronic inflammation, epithelial barrier disruption, immune dysregulation, gut microbiota imbalance, and abnormalities in motility and gut–br...

Abstract Background Migraine, a common primary headache disorder, has implicated daily behaviors like sleep, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB), yet the findings are inconsistent or remain unclear. This ...

Background and Aims: Autism in children is known to affect brain systems implicated in cognitive, communication, social functioning and intelligence. Although autism is a neurobiological disorder, behavioral interventi...

Abstract Background Cerebellar ataxia (CA) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive impairments in coordination, balance, and gait disturbances. Conventional rehabilitation therapies offer only limite...

Background The role of human lineage mutations (HLMs) in human evolution through post-transcriptional modification is unclear.Aims To investigate the contribution of HLMs to human evolution through post-transcriptional m...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cholinergic dysfunction, making acetylcholinesterase (AChE) a key therapeutic target. Although Garcinia kola has been widely reported ...

The incidence of metabolic disorders including obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome have seriously increased in the last decades. These diseases - with growing impact in modern societies - constitute major ris...

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopamine-producing neurons, which results in motor issues such as tremors, stiffness, and slowness of movement. In additio...

"How does the brain guide our actions? This is a complex issue, where the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) plays a crucial role. The mPFC is essential for cognitive flexibility and decision making. These functions are rel...

Abstract Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) is a cognitive, motor, and sleep-related disorder resulting from liver impairment, often linked to elevated ammonia levels. Zinc deficiency is common in patients with cirrhos...

Background The well-known ‘pyrotherapy’ of Julius Wagner-Jauregg might be the beginning of the study on the immunological concepts of schizophrenia. As the primary immune effector cells in the brain, microglia play a...

Abstract Background Tauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), characterized by progressive accumulation of pathological Tau proteins. Among the diverse Tau species, trun...

Subtle variations in nontraumatic early-life experience are associated with long-lasting trajectories in pups’ brain development and behavior. Understanding the mechanisms of individualization of emotional traits is cr...

Abstract Background Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is an extremely rare, slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by episodic neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Diagnosis is challen...