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Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multifocal inflammation and axonal degeneration, driven by innate and adaptive immune cells. Th...

Abstract Background Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating multisystem disease characterized by heterogeneous symptom patterns. Previous work suggested that specific symptoms tend t...

Abstract Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating neurological condition with high mortality and morbidity. Despite advancements in medical and surgical treatments, the long-term prognosis of ICH remains poor. Ste...

Abstract High-density, long-term stable decoding of whole-brain function is crucial for advancing basic neuroscience research and developing neural disorder therapies. However, two major challenges remain: the lack of sc...

Abstract Background Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2 (TREM2) signaling promotes disease-associated microglia (DAM) and phagocytosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional anti-TREM2 agonist antibodies ...

Organotypic slice culture is a sophisticated technique historically used in cellular and developmental neurobiology to investigate three-dimensional architecture and cellular interactions. Maintaining thin tissue slices ...

Post-stroke dysphagia (PSD) is a frequent, disabling complication of ischemic stroke. Because acupotomy has limited effects on swallowing and gut–brain axis modulation with probiotics may support neural repair, we perf...

As the prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) and allergic rhinitis (AR) continues to rise worldwide, more and more patients are reporting a lower quality of life. In addition to causing common nasal symptoms such as...

Abstract Background and purpose Claudin-5 plays a crucial role in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity through endothelial tight junction formation. Alternative splicing of claudin-5 within the microvascular e...

Sequestosome 1/p62 (hereafter referred to as p62) is a multifunctional protein that orchestrates various cellular stress response pathways including autophagy, proteasome-mediated degradation, antioxidant defense, nutrie...

Abstract Introduction Enterovirus A71 (EV71)–associated encephalitis lacks targeted neuroprotective therapy. Experimental data implicate endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and ferroptosis in neuronal injury. We tested w...

Abstract The heart-brain axis is a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality following ischemic injury. Pathological and psychological changes in the heart can lead to anxiety, cognitive impairment, and brain in...

Abstract The genomic locus that encodes the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene is highly pleiotropic and associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Coding variants associated with risk of PD act as gain of functi...

Background and Aim: Cerebral ischemia is a major neurological condition that contributes significantly to global morbidity and mortality. It occurs due to reduced blood supply to the brain, leading to neuronal injury and...

Epilepsy is a debilitating neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures, affecting millions of patients worldwide. Retrospective studies in temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients have shown a high incidence o...

Abstract Background Fat embolism syndrome (FES) is commonly associated with orthopedic trauma, but the diagnosis is challenging with an uncommon nontraumatic cause. It is difficult to discriminate from thrombo-embolism i...

This review reexamines the mechanism by which acupuncture (especially electroacupuncture) modulates pain-related affective disorders from an integrative functional framework. We propose that the efficacy of acupuncture s...

Encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals presents a unique diagnostic and treatment challenge due to the interplay between infection and immune dysregulation.A 48-year-old male with a history of recurrent sinusitis ...