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Abstract Background Neurological complications in preeclampsia are uncommon and typically central in origin. Cranial mononeuropathies, especially involving the hypoglossal nerve, are exceedingly rare. Case presentation W...

Background and purposeWe observed that some late-term fetal prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed normal brain structures but exhibited diffuse hyperintense signals on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in the...

Abstract Background Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID) is an extremely rare, slowly progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by episodic neurological and psychiatric symptoms. Diagnosis is challen...

Abstract Periventricular nodular heterotopia is a common neuronal malformation in humans, often leading to epilepsy and other neurologic diseases. A 2‐month‐old female Chihuahua weighing 750 g was examined because ...

Abstract Lissencephaly is a genetic heterogeneous autosomal recessive disorder characterized by the classical triad: brain malformations, eye anomalies, and congenital muscular dystrophy. Prenatal diagnosis is feasible b...

Abstract The dissemination route of brain metastases dictates their spatiotemporal distribution, but whether it alters the ultrastructural state of the blood-tumor barrier remains unresolved. Here, we compared a modified...

Abstract Purpose MELD Graph is a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) model for automated detection of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), but its performance remains limited, highlighting the need to investigate wh...

Abstract Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an underrecognized condition with rapidly evolving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study investigated temporal and regional trends in diagnost...

Dear EditorPhosphomannomutase-2 deficiency-congenital disorder of glycosylation (PMM2-CDG), congenital disorder of glycosylation type-Ia or Jaeken syndrome (MIM #601785) is an autosomal recessive inherited condition of a...

Conventional microscopes designed for submicron resolution in biological research are hindered by a limited field of view, typically around 1 mm. This restriction poses a challenge when attempting to simultaneously analy...

Abstract Nonergodicity and Simpson’s paradox present significant, yet underappreciated challenges in cognitive neuroscience. Leveraging brain imaging and behavioral data from over 4000 individuals and a Bayesian comput...

Abstract Objective: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects approximately 7% of children and 5% of adolescents worldwide. ADHD is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity as symptoms. ...

Abstract Publicly available, large-scale medical imaging datasets are crucial for developing and validating artificial intelligence (AI) models and conducting retrospective clinical research. However, multimodal datasets...

Background Acute neurological presentations are common in emergency settings. These are managed with a high rate of misdiagnosis in about one-third of cases. This is the first description of a consultant-led model within...

The main concepts presented in this review are that sleep is not a function but a state diverse from the waking one. A lot of physiologic functions are carried out during sleep, cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, se...

Organotypic slice culture is a sophisticated technique historically used in cellular and developmental neurobiology to investigate three-dimensional architecture and cellular interactions. Maintaining thin tissue slices ...

The syndrome of acute bilateral basal ganglia lesions associated with uremia presents with parkinsonism, altered mental status, and chorea in association with specific imaging findings in the basal ganglia. It is an unco...

Background and purposeRadiotherapy (RT) often causes delayed radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) with unclear pathophysiology; emerging evidence links this to glymphatic dysfunction, but radiation effects on cerebrospin...

Abstract Background Brain tumors during pregnancy are rare and pose unique challenges in diagnosis, management, and anesthetic care. This report is novel owing to the rare coexistence of a giant anaplastic oligodendrogli...

Abstract Background Migraine, a common primary headache disorder, has implicated daily behaviors like sleep, physical activity (PA), and sedentary behavior (SB), yet the findings are inconsistent or remain unclear. This ...

Abstract Introduction Klippel–Feil syndrome is a rare congenital disorder characterized by the fusion of two or more cervical vertebrae. It may be associated with malformations in other systems, including auditory abno...

Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disorder characterized by deficient production, secretion, or action of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), the central regulator of the reproductive axis. We r...

Abstract Background Iodine plays a critical role in producing thyroid hormones essential for brain development. An imbalance of iodine, whether deficiency or excess, can disrupt thyroid function. Iodine-induced hypothyro...

ABSTRACT Background Current diagnosis of brain disease in dogs is dependent on imaging and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, including total nucleated cell counts and albumin concentrations. Hypothesis/Objectives To de...