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Abstract Background Brain imaging suggests the involvement of the limbic system, particularly the cingulate gyrus (GC), in dogs with idiopathic epilepsy (IE). Hypothesis A correlation exists between the side of intericta...

Abstract The development of trustworthy AI models is crucial, particularly for critical medical applications such as brain tumor detection using MRI images. However, medical images are being increasingly targeted by adve...

There is a growing interest in the potential of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for implementing regenerative medicine in the brain as they have shown neurogenic and immunomodulatory activities. We assessed the effect of i...

Abstract Periventricular nodular heterotopia is a common neuronal malformation in humans, often leading to epilepsy and other neurologic diseases. A 2‐month‐old female Chihuahua weighing 750 g was examined because ...

Abstract Milk fats are present as globules emulsified in the aqueous phase of milk and stabilized by a delicate membrane architecture called milk fat globule membrane (MFGM). The unique structure and composition of the M...

Abstract The dissemination route of brain metastases dictates their spatiotemporal distribution, but whether it alters the ultrastructural state of the blood-tumor barrier remains unresolved. Here, we compared a modified...

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by multifocal inflammation and axonal degeneration, driven by innate and adaptive immune cells. Th...

Abstract Background In humans, the T2‐weighted (T2W)—fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) mismatch sign (T2FMM) is a specific imaging biomarker for the isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1)‐mutated, 1p/19q non...

Growing evidence has directly linked the gastrointestinal tract, gut microbiota, and central nervous system, forming the gut-brain axis, a process that has been described as a key mechanism in regulating neurological pro...

Abstract Purpose MELD Graph is a state-of-the-art artificial intelligence (AI) model for automated detection of focal cortical dysplasia (FCD), but its performance remains limited, highlighting the need to investigate wh...

Aging is a complex biological process characterized by progressive functional decline and increased vulnerability to age-related diseases, particularly neurodegenerative disorders. At the biological level, aging is chara...

"Field potentials (FPs) are easily reached signals that provide information about the brain’s processing. However, FP should be interpreted cautiously since their biophysical bases are complex. The lateral habenula (LH...

The misuse of opioids has reached epidemic proportions over the last decade, with over 2.1 million people in the United States suffering from substance use disorders related to prescription opioid pain relievers. This in...

Abstract Brain pericytes are mediators of neuroinflammation, as evidenced in vitro, in animal models and humans. We and others have identified the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB -PDGF receptor beta (PDGFRB) pat...

This paper presents an introduction to Artificial Intelligence and creativity. Creativity is analyzed from a biological point of view based on the concept of neuroplasticity of the human brain. It seeks to understand the...

Abstract Actions are the building blocks of our dynamic visual world, yet the neural computations supporting action perception are not well understood. How does perceptual and conceptual information unfold in the brain w...

"Currently, simulations of the induced currents in the brain produced by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are used to elucidate the regions reached by stimuli. However, models commonly found in the literature are ...

Abstract Mutations in the presenilin (PS/PSEN) genes cause early-onset familial Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by enhancing cerebral accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides and microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). Ho...

Abstract Background Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell-2 (TREM2) signaling promotes disease-associated microglia (DAM) and phagocytosis in neurodegenerative diseases. Traditional anti-TREM2 agonist antibodies ...

In this study, the authors show that treatment with acetyl-carnitine can ameliorate learning and memory defects and hyperactivity in a mouse model of the cognitive disorder, Arboleda–Tham syndrome. Pathogenic variants ...

IntroductionThere has been increasing attention to differences in function along the hippocampal long axis, with the posterior hippocampus proposed to have more variable signals that are well-suited to representing idios...

Abstract Background and purpose Claudin-5 plays a crucial role in maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity through endothelial tight junction formation. Alternative splicing of claudin-5 within the microvascular e...

People learn from experience, but with considerable individual differences in the degree and type of behavioral adjustments resulting from a given experience. Error driven learning rules provide an elegant framework for ...

Early ethanol exposure alters neonatal breathing plasticity. Respiratory EtOH's effects are attributed to central respiratory network disruptions, particularly in the medullary serotonin (5HT) system. In this study we ev...