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Immune dysregulation can lead to autoimmunity and autoinflammation. The goal of treatment is to balance targeted therapies while avoiding infections or other side effects, which becomes complicated with multiple diagnose...

Oral mucosal ageing represents a fundamental reprogramming of the tissue microenvironment, a dynamic process that underlies the functional decline and heightened disease susceptibility observed in the elderly. This revie...

Chemokine network is central to the innate and adaptive immunity and entails a variety of proteins and membrane receptors that control physiological processes such as wound healing, angiogenesis, embryo growth and develo...

Abstract Background The ecdysone receptor (EcR) is a central regulator of mosquito physiology, best known for its role in vitellogenesis. However, its contribution to antiviral defense and dengue virus (DENV) replication...

Abstract The present work reviews the epidemiologic situation of Anaplasma marginale and Babesia spp. infections and the occurrence of cattle tick fever outbreaks in Brazil. In areas of tick fever enzootic instability, e...

IntroductionAlthough immune responses to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection vary across individuals, the underlying cellular mechanisms regulating this heterogenei...

Introduction and aims: Healing abutment dislodgement is a common clinical complication in dental implantology, yet its impact on peri-implant soft tissue immunity remains unclear. This exploratory pilot study aimed to in...

Abstract Restriction of fetal substrate supply has an adverse effect on surfactant maturation in the lung and thus affects the transition from in utero placental oxygenation to pulmonary ventilation ex utero. However, th...

Bone infection is a severe disease caused by microbial invasion of bone tissue, characterized by inflammatory responses, bone destruction, and impaired repair. Its high recurrence rate and refractory nature have posed si...

BET inhibitors (BETi) have shown potential to augment tumor immunogenicity in melanoma. However, conflicting evidence exists regarding their precise mechanism of action, and their overall impact on melanoma immunogenicit...

Primary immune regulatory disorder (PIRD) is a subset of inborn errors of immunity (IEIs) caused by disruption of genes involved in regulating the immune response. PIRDs are predominantly characterized by dysregulated im...

Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) can manifest with neurological disorders, indicating genetic overlap between immune and nervous system diseases. However, neurological disorder genes are rarely screened systematically for...

We describe two Turkish patients with tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) deficiency who experienced recurrent infections ranging from viral to bacterial and intracellular pathogens.Case 1An 8-year-old male patient was first admitt...

Dendritic cell (DC) and natural killer (NK) cell interactions are important for the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity, but their relevance during early pregnancy remains elusive. Using two different strategies t...

X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP) is essential for innate and adaptive immune responses, including programmed cell death inhibition, NFkB and MAPK activation, NLRP3 inflammasome activity regulation, and TNFR signali...

Early diagnosis of primary immunodeficiency (PID) remains a significant clinical challenge, often delaying treatment and increasing the risk of severe infections. Accurate identification of antibody (Ab) deficiencies typ...

BackgroundPyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a rare ulcerative neutrophilic dermatosis that can be associated with primary immunodeficiencies. Its pathogenesis is incompletely understood, but it has been increasingly reported ...

Background and AimsAcquired immunodeficiency in patients with hematological oncology is a serious and common complication, significantly impacting prognosis and quality of life. High doses of cytostatic drugs and the mal...

ObjectivesMevalonate kinase deficiency (MKD) is a metabolic disorder caused by a block in the mevalonate pathway, leading to impaired synthesis of cholesterol and isoprenoids. Clinically, MKD presents with recurrent infl...

We previously reported that inherited human retinoic acid-related orphan receptor gamma T (RORγT) deficiency underlies mycobacterial disease and chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC) in seven patients from three ances...

BackgroundComplex inflammatory phenotypes in children can pose significant diagnostic challenges, particularly when clinical, histopathologic, and immunologic findings do not conform to established diagnoses. We present ...