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Esraa Basalem,1 Nooran Badeeb1,2 1Department of Ophthalmology, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital, Ministry of Defense Health Services, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of Medic...

Abstract Fasciolosis is a foodborne anthropozoonotic disease caused by Fasciola spp. that affects multiple hosts worldwide. Genetic characterization studies have revealed considerable diversity within F. hepatica populat...

IntroductionAlthough immune responses to Bacillus Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination and susceptibility to mycobacterial infection vary across individuals, the underlying cellular mechanisms regulating this heterogenei...

Gyrus atrophy is a rare autosomal recessive hereditary disease secondary to a mutation of the OAT gene on chromosome 10 which results in a deficiency of the mitochondrial enzyme ornithine aminotransferase that causes a 2...

IntroductionFatty liver is a common metabolic disease in dairy cows during early postpartum period, which is characterized by excessive hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. However, the mechanisms of bile acid (BA...

Since ischemic heart disease (IHD) is a major cause of mortality and heart failure, novel therapeutic strategies are expected to improve the clinical outcomes of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Brief episodes ...

Abstract The senescence of alveolar epithelial cells plays a central role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease currently lacking specific therapeutic approaches. Luteoloside, a flavonoid glycos...

Abstract Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn., commonly known as Ragi or finger millet, is a nutrient-rich cereal traditionally valued for its health-promoting properties. However, its precise molecular mechanisms and therapeu...

Abstract Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) disproportionately affects children and adolescents and has been associated with poorer neurocognitive performance, but the biological mechanisms driving symptom variability an...

L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative which takes part in the transfer of long-chain fatty acids from cytosol to mitochondrial matrix through the inner mitochondrial membrane. Plasma and tissue carnitine levels of pati...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder related with aging. The death of dopaminergic neurons triggered by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction is one pathognomonic chara...

Abstract Osteoarthritis is an aging-related systemic disease involving the crosstalk of multiple organs/tissues in metabolism and inflammation, yet little is known about the contribution of liver and marrow adipose tissu...

Cu, a common essential trace element in the human body, is involved in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Cuproptosis, a recently proposed form of cell death, is triggered by Cu overload. It primarily tar...

Abstract Background Obesity has emerged as a major global health issue, affecting multiple organ systems. Within the central nervous system obesity causes a series of disruptions that can significantly affect neurologica...

IntroductionBovine mastitis remains one of the most prevalent diseases in dairy cattle and is largely managed through antibiotic therapy, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance. Host-directed strategies that enhan...

Midlife represents a biological “phenotype transition” for women, during which sarcopenic obesity risk can rise despite stable BMI. Evidence anchored to the STRAW + 10 framework suggests that the interval surroundi...

Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most diagnosed cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Hexokinase II, a key rate-limiting enzyme in tumor glycolysis, is an important therapeut...

IntroductionAquatic light environments are increasingly altered by human activity, yet the endocrine and molecular mechanisms enabling fish to cope with extreme photoperiods remain poorly understood. This study investiga...

Materias / palabras clave: Reactive oxygen species; Reactive nitrogen species; Cell biology; Oxidative stress; DNA damage; Nitric oxide; Biochemistry; Mitochondrion; Mitochondrial ROS; Chemistry; Intracellular; Biology

At high concentrations, free radicals and radical-derived, nonradical reactive species are hazardous for living organisms and damage all major cellular constituents. At moderate concentrations, however, nitric oxide (NO)...