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ABSTRACT The bacterial flagellar filament acts as a propeller to drive most bacterial swimming. The filament is made of flagellin, known as FliC in Escherichia coli. FliC consists of four domains, the highly conserved co...

Abstract Bile salt hydrolase (BSH: EC.3.5.1.24) has been used as a biomarker for probiotics for an extended period. It is mostly present in the gut environment of vertebrates. Additionally, it influences the viability of...

The ligule is an important character in the taxonomic delimitation of Selaginella species. Here, the morphology of this organ is described in 11 American species. Four of these species are xerophytic: Selaginella convolu...

Abstract Background Hypogeous fungi play important ecological roles and have significant economic value. However, the hypogeous habit of these organisms hinders our understanding of their diversity and vulnerability. Res...

Abstract Bird wings exhibit a broad degree of functional and shape variation, though the exact nature of the form-function relationship is uncertain. Recent analysis suggests that functional variability is explained by l...

To clarify the taxonomic identities of newly-collected Selaginella specimens from Guizhou, south-western China, we briefly reviewed the Selaginella species recorded in Guizhou and conducted a study integrating morphologi...

Un set de 35 caracteres tomados de los esquelos de especímens de 24 especies de Liolaemus (representantes de los mayores grupos reconocidos actualmente en la literatura) se analizó cladísticamente utilizando dos crite...

During the course of studies on lizard phylogeny (Hoyos, 1990), a muscle that has not been reported for any lizard was discovered in the hindlimb of Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. The purpose of this note is to describe the ...

A new species of telmatobiinae leptodactylid frog genus Batrachyla is described from the Nothofagus forest of Chubut province, Southern Argentina. Batrachyla fitzroya sp. nov. is more closely related to B. antartandica t...

The increase in the number of large data sets and the complexity of current probabilistic sequence evolution models necessitates fast and reliable phylogeny reconstruction methods. We describe a new approach, based on th...

The recently-developed statistical method known as the "bootstrap" can be used to place confidence intervals on phylogenies. It involves resampling points from one's own data, with replacement, to create a series of boot...

SUMMARY: The program MRBAYES performs Bayesian inference of phylogeny using a variant of Markov chain Monte Carlo. AVAILABILITY: MRBAYES, including the source code, documentation, sample data files, and an executable, is...

PhyML is a phylogeny software based on the maximum-likelihood principle. Early PhyML versions used a fast algorithm performing nearest neighbor interchanges to improve a reasonable starting tree topology. Since the origi...

Comparative studies of the relationship between two phenotypes, or between a phenotype and an environment, are frequently carried out by invalid statistical methods. Most regression, correlation, and contingency table me...

Bayesian inference of phylogeny using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) plays a central role in understanding evolutionary history from molecular sequence data. Visualizing and analyzing the MCMC-generated samples from the...

Phylogenies are extremely useful tools, not only for establishing genealogical relationships among a group of organisms or their parts (e.g. genes), but also for a variety of research once the phylogenies are estimated. ...

TreeView is a simple, easy to use phylogenetic tree viewing utility that runs under both MacOS (on Apple Macintosh computers) and under Microsoft Windows on Intel based computers, the two most common personal computers u...

Summary 1. Here, I present a new, multifunctional phylogenetics package, phytools, for the R statistical computing environment. 2. The focus of the package is on methods for phylogenetic comparative biology; however, it ...

Materias / palabras clave: molecular biology, biological structure analysis, genome analysis, sequence analysis, phylogeny, biological computation; Science: Biology (General): Genetics

Materias / palabras clave: taxonomy, ecophysiology, phylogeny, phylogeography, functional morphology, plant-animal relations; Science: Botany

Materias / palabras clave: plant sciences, ecology, taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny, plant reproductive biology, floristics; Science: Botany

Materias / palabras clave: cytology, cytosystematics, cytogenetics, mycology, phylogeny, histology; Science: Biology (General): Cytology

Materias / palabras clave: systematics, taxonomy, phylogeny, biogeography, faunistics, insects; Science: Biology (General); Science: Zoology

Materias / palabras clave: systematics, taxonomy, phylogeny, insects, biogeography, morphology; Science: Biology (General)