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We studied the sex determination in Diachasmimorpha longicaudata, a parasitoid braconid wasp widely used as biological control agent of fruit pest tephritid flies. We tested the complementary sex determination hypothesis...

In poorly known groups for which data are insufficient to develop biologically plausible model-based approaches to phylogeographical analyses, a ‘first hypotheses’ protocol is suggested as offering the best way to ge...

Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac), the bacterium that causes citrus canker, contains a gene in the hrp [for hypersensitive response (HR) and pathogenicity] cluster that encodes a harpin protein called Hpa1. Hpa1 pro...

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents a group of chronic and relapsing inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, primarily encompassing Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis ...

BackgroundOral submucosal fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic and progressive disorder, caused by chewing areca nuts, affecting the oral cavity and oropharynx. OSF is characterized by severe symptoms like severe burning sensatio...

IntroductionLiver diseases continue to impose a major global health burden, and therapeutic progress is constrained by the limited availability of validated small-molecule modulators. TEAD4, a central Hippo-YAP effector,...

Anastrepha fraterculus sp.1 males are sexually stimulated by the aroma of fruit of its native host Psidium guajava (guava). Other hosts, which are exotic to A. fraterculus, do not enhance male sexual behavior. Here we ev...

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neuropsychiatric diseases characterized by impaired social interaction, communication deficits, and repetitive and stereotyped behaviors. ASD etiology is unknown, and both genetic and...

Abstract Objective This study aimed to systematically identify and validate KIF15 as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in colon cancer (CC) using integrated bioinformatics analyses. We further explored its ...

BackgroundChronic hepatitis B (CHB) caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains a major global health burden. The immune-active (IA) phase, characterized by positive Hepatitis B surface antigens (HBsAg), elevated alani...

The molecular basis of endospore formation in the model gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis has been investigated for over half a century. Here, using high throughput and classical genetic approaches, we performed ...

IntroductionPrecision medicine emphasizes accurate patient stratification. However, existing molecular frameworks often fail to fully capture the intrinsic heterogeneity of breast cancer (BRCA). This study aims to establ...

Abstract Background Prolificacy is a crucial economic trait in goat production, yet its underlying molecular mechanisms remain incompletely understood due to its polygenic nature. While previous studies have identified s...

Abstract Background Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive interstitial lung disease characterized by aberrant immune responses and tissue remodeling. Ligustrazine has multiple effects, such as enh...

IntroductionDNGR-1 (CLEC9A), a C-type lectin receptor specifically expressed on human BDCA3+ and murine CD8α+/CD103+ conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1), acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) recep...

Abstract Objective Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are associated with a high risk of progression to leukemia, highlighting the critical need to explore novel therapeutic agents. Based on network pharmacology predicti...

Fertilization in Bufo arenarum requires the sperm to penetrate the egg envelopes. The incubation of isolated vitelline envelopes with sperm induces the acrosome reaction, releasing proteases and glycosidases to the media...

STAT1 gain-of-function (GoF) is an inborn error of immunity characterized by a common feature of chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis and variable additional clinical manifestations, including recurrent bacterial and viral ...

We present here a framework for the study of molecular variation within a single species. Information on DNA haplotype divergence is incorporated into an analysis of variance format, derived from a matrix of squared-dist...

With its theoretical basis firmly established in molecular evolutionary and population genetics, the comparative DNA and protein sequence analysis plays a central role in reconstructing the evolutionary histories of spec...

Comparative analysis of molecular sequence data is essential for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of species and inferring the nature and extent of selective forces shaping the evolution of genes and species. He...

We present the latest version of the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software, which contains many sophisticated methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. In this major upgrade, Mega has been...

The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (Mega) software implements many analytical methods and tools for phylogenomics and phylomedicine. Here, we report a transformation of Mega to enable cross-platform use on Micr...

Abstract The Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software has matured to contain a large collection of methods and tools of computational molecular evolution. Here, we describe new additions that make MEGA a ...