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The temperature sensitivity of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) critically influences air quality and human health under a warming climate, yet models struggle to accurately reproduce observed sensitivities. This study im...

Abstract The high latitudes cover ∼20% of Earth's land surface. This region is facing many shifts in thermal, moisture and vegetation properties, driven by climate warming. Here we leverage remote sensing and climate r...

Altitudinal gradients represent strategic sites for studying the relationships between climate and growth in woody species. Polylepis australis Bitt. is an endemic tree of Central and Northwest Argentina mountains, growi...

Abstract Climate change is expected to increase the frequency and intensity of flooding, emphasizing the need to better understand these events. Satellite observations provide essential information, and the recent launch...

Abstract Warming climate has greatly affected the stability of the world’s glaciers. In 1957, as part of the International Geophysical Year, nine North American glaciers were surveyed in great detail so that they could...

Understanding how vegetation phenology is changing across dryland agricultural systems is crucial for predicting the effects of climate change and enhancing food system resilience. Here, we analyze two decades of seasona...

Land use and land cover (LULC) changes have an important effect on the dynamics of climate change, affecting the structure and functioning of ecosystems. Greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are directly related to the fun...

Global climate change and intensified human activities drive rapid land use and land cover (LULC) changes, particularly in ecologically fragile regions like China's Southern Hilly Region (SHR), affecting ecosystem servic...

Summary for policymakers Technical summary 1. The climate system - an overview 2. Observed climate variability and change 3. The carbon cycle and atmospheric CO2 4. Atmospheric chemistry and greenhouse gases 5. Aerosols,...

Ecological changes in the phenology and distribution of plants and animals are occurring in all well-studied marine, freshwater, and terrestrial groups. These observed changes are heavily biased in the directions predict...

Abstract. By coordinating the design and distribution of global climate model simulations of the past, current, and future climate, the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) has become one of the foundational elem...

The commonly observed high diversity of trees in tropical rain forests and corals on tropical reefs is a nonequilibrium state which, if not disturbed further, will progress toward a low-diversity equilibrium community. T...

The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) is the latest atmospheric reanalysis of the modern satellite era produced by NASA's Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO)....

The NCEP and NCAR are cooperating in a project (denoted “reanalysis”) to produce a 40-year record of global analyses of atmospheric fields in support of the needs of the research and climate monitoring communities. T...