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The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS), published in 2021, is the sixth version of the international standard for the classification of brain and spinal cord tumors. Bui...

This paper presents a critical appraisal of resilience, a construct connoting the maintenance of positive adaptation by individuals despite experiences of significant adversity. As empirical research on resilience has bu...

A model is presented to account for the natural selection of what is termed reciprocally altruistic behavior. The model shows how selection can operate against the cheater (non-reciprocator) in the system. Three instance...

Probiotics are widely regarded as live microorganisms that, when administered in sufficient amounts, confer a health benefit, but guidance is needed on the most appropriate use of the term. This Consensus Statement outli...

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are essential to summarize evidence relating to efficacy and safety of health care interventions accurately and reliably. The clarity and transparency of these reports, however, is no...

The origins of the mesenchymal cells participating in tissue repair and pathological processes, notably tissue fibrosis, tumor invasiveness, and metastasis, are poorly understood. However, emerging evidence suggests that...

Materias / palabras clave: Biofilm; Extracellular polymeric substance; Extracellular matrix; Matrix (chemical analysis); Bacteria; Nucleic acid; Adhesion; Polysaccharide; Biology; Microbiology; Polymer; Biophysics

The study of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has the potential to identify unknown cellular and molecular mechanisms in intercellular communication and in organ homeostasis and disease. Exosomes, with an average diameter of...

Materias / palabras clave: Angiogenesis; Vascular endothelial growth factor; Receptor tyrosine kinase; Cancer research; Regulator; Biology; Kinase insert domain receptor; Receptor; Vascular endothelial growth factor A; Signal transduction; Tyrosin...

The chemistry of graphene oxide is discussed in this critical review. Particular emphasis is directed toward the synthesis of graphene oxide, as well as its structure. Graphene oxide as a substrate for a variety of chemi...

Materias / palabras clave: Ingenuity; Microfluidics; Commercialization; Nanotechnology; Field (mathematics); Computer science; Data science; Engineering ethics; Biochemical engineering; Engineering; Epistemology; Materials science

Materias / palabras clave: Pathogenesis; Endothelium; Inflammation; Stroke (engine); Medicine; Smooth muscle; Gene; Artery; Inflammatory response; Biology; Immunology; Bioinformatics

Materias / palabras clave: Innate immune system; Pattern recognition receptor; Biology; Acquired immune system; Receptor; Immunology; Immune system; Immunity; Toll-like receptor; Pathogen-associated molecular pattern; Cell biology; Neuroscience

Materias / palabras clave: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale; Anxiety; Psychology; Discriminant validity; Rating scale; Depression (economics); Cronbach's alpha; Population; Psychiatry; Clinical psychology; Psychometrics; Medicine

The loss or failure of an organ or tissue is one of the most frequent, devastating, and costly problems in human health care. A new field, tissue engineering, applies the principles of biology and engineering to the deve...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTitanium Dioxide Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, Modifications, and ApplicationsXiaobo Chen and Samuel S. MaoView Author Information Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory...

Nanomaterials are engineered structures with at least one dimension of 100 nanometers or less. These materials are increasingly being used for commercial purposes such as fillers, opacifiers, catalysts, semiconductors, c...

Chromatin, the physiological template of all eukaryotic genetic information, is subject to a diverse array of posttranslational modifications that largely impinge on histone amino termini, thereby regulating access to th...

Since 65 million years ago (Ma), Earth's climate has undergone a significant and complex evolution, the finer details of which are now coming to light through investigations of deep-sea sediment cores. This evolution inc...

THE growth of solid neoplasms is always accompanied by neovascularization. This new capillary growth is even more vigorous and continuous than a similar outgrowth of capillary sprouts observed in fresh wounds or in infla...

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTVisible Light Photoredox Catalysis with Transition Metal Complexes: Applications in Organic SynthesisChristopher K. Prier, Danica A. Rankic, and David W. C. MacMillan*View Autho...

Materias / palabras clave: Voxel; Artificial intelligence; Voxel-based morphometry; Segmentation; Pattern recognition (psychology); Smoothing; Computer science; Gray (unit); Artifact (error); Gaussian; Parametric statistics; Market segmentation

The general view of descriptive research as a lower level form of inquiry has influenced some researchers conducting qualitative research to claim methods they are really not using and not to claim the method they are us...

INTRODUCTION: Behavioral science provides the foundation for physical activity interventions. The mediating variable framework is used to assess the status of physical activity interventions and the roles that are, or co...