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Abstract Background Native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) remains the gold standard for hemodialysis vascular access, but stenosis is the principal cause of access dysfunction and failure. Duplex ultrasound (DUS) criteria f...

Abstract Background Serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin is routinely measured as a pregnancy marker in women of reproductive age prior to diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Although a positive result commonly ...

Abstract Background Primary cardiac angiosarcoma is a rare and malignant tumor that most often arises in the right atrium causing significant inflow obstruction and circulatory disruption. Owing to its location, it is mo...

Abstract Background Small cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive neuroendocrine malignancy that most commonly arises in the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, or pancreas. Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the en...

Abstract Background Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a common disorder that has an association with fibromyalgia. The connection between the two is incompletely understood but may be due to specific neurotrans...

Abstract Background The overall incidence of pituitary apoplexy among patients with pituitary adenoma ranges from 0.6% to 7.0%, although many cases likely go undiagnosed. Several precipitating factors have been identifie...

Abstract Background Patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) are at risk of developing craniocervical instability (CCI). Iatrogenic causes of CCI in hEDS are underreported. We describe a case series of hED...

Abstract Background Brain tumors during pregnancy are rare and pose unique challenges in diagnosis, management, and anesthetic care. This report is novel owing to the rare coexistence of a giant anaplastic oligodendrogli...

Abstract Background Endosalpingiosis is a rare benign condition characterized by the ectopic presence of ciliated tub epithelium outside the fallopian tubes, often found in the ovaries, uterus, and other pelvic structure...

Abstract Background Sjögren’s disease is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by dysfunction of the salivary and lacrimal glands, leading to xerostomia and xerophthalmia. Case presentation A 55-year-old Hispani...

Abstract Background Pilonidal sinus disease typically occurs in the sacrococcygeal region, with the intermammary location being exceptionally rare. We report the first documented case of an intermammary pilonidal sinus f...

Abstract Background Neurological complications in preeclampsia are uncommon and typically central in origin. Cranial mononeuropathies, especially involving the hypoglossal nerve, are exceedingly rare. Case presentation W...

Abstract Background Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome is a rare neurological disorder typically associated with hypertension, cytotoxic agents, or supratherapeutic immunosuppressant levels. We report what appe...

Abstract Background Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) is an underrecognized condition with rapidly evolving diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This study investigated temporal and regional trends in diagnost...

Abstract Background Hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) confers a markedly increased lifetime risk of breast and ovarian cancers. As no effective surveillance method for early detection of ovarian cancer has been...

Abstract Background Organizing free-text patient data into a structured format is labor-intensive and time-consuming. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a fine-tuned lightweight language model in structurin...

Abstract Background Congenital malformations in domestic cats are traditionally considered uncommon; however, recent evidence suggests they may represent an underrecognized cause of neonatal mortality. Most reported anom...