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Abstract Background Trauma is among the leading causes of death and disability in Malawi and accounts for a substantial proportion of emergency admissions at tertiary hospitals. However, injured patients presenting for t...

Abstract Background Vertical transmission is the main mode of acquisition of HIV infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). We aimed to determine the factors associated with the serological status of mothers an...

Abstract Background Prophylactic medications are commonly used to prevent tuberculosis and opportunistic infections in people living with HIV (PLWH) who are on first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). However, their cumu...

Abstract Background Cryptosporidium spp. is an important intestinal protozoan parasite causing morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients, particularly those with HIV+/AIDS. A cross-sectional study was conduct...

Abstract Background High-throughput sequencing (HTS) enables the detection of low-frequency HIV-1 drug resistance mutations (DRMs) that are often missed by conventional Sanger sequencing. However, the clinical implementa...

Abstract Introduction Dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy (ART), a key component of HIV treatment in low- and middle-income countries, has been associated with weight gain and increased adiposity in people living w...

Abstract Background Understanding the genetic evolution of HIV-1 Transmitted/Founder (T/F) virus is crucial for developing effective treatment and prevention strategies due to its rapid mutation and recombination rates. ...

Abstract Background Immunological non-responders (INR), distinguished by profound immune dysfunction, fail to achieve immune reconstitution despite receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). INR experience lower life expect...

Abstract Introduction In Tanzania, despite the progress in HIV testing and counseling, 39.4% of people living with HIV aged ≥ 15 years were unaware of their HIV status in 2017. HIV testing is a crucial entry point ...

Abstract Background Mozambique bears a high HIV burden, with low testing uptake among young women. This study analyzes socio-demographic and behavioral factors influencing HIV testing among women aged 15–49, using data...

Abstract Background Despite the expansion of antiretroviral treatment programmes, the incidence and mortality of HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis remain high in Africa. Cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in the blood prec...

Abstract Background Despite low human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) prevalence in The Gambia (estimated adult prevalence 1.29% in 2024), the country faces a substantial burden, with approximately 25,000 people living with...

Abstract Background Despite antiretroviral therapy (ART), people with HIV (PWH) face immunological ageing and accelerated comorbidities including coronary artery disease (CAD). Gut mucosal damage, chronic inflammation, a...

Abstract Background People living with HIV (PLHIV) have a higher risk of developing stage 3–5 of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and this risk is further impacted by the use of antiretrovirals including Tenofovir disoprox...

Abstract Background Limited evidence exists on the prescription patterns of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and their effectiveness in achieving HIV-1 viral suppression. This study evaluated pre-conflict prescr...

Abstract Background While cross-sectional assessments offer snapshots of care cascade progress, longitudinal analyses are essential to capture the dynamic engagement in care of people living with HIV (PLHIV). We assessed...

Abstract Background Early HIV diagnosis allows timely interventions to control HIV transmission. We have determined the proportion of recent infections among people living with HIV (PLHIV) enrolling to care in Ethiopia a...

Abstract Background AIDS is a global public health issue that requires continuous monitoring and response. Although antiretroviral therapy has decreased the death rate among people living with HIV, several physical and m...

Abstract Background Previous studies have reported a positive association between socioeconomic status (SES) and HIV infection in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This contradicts widespread understandings of how health dispari...

Abstract Introduction Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) reported alarmingly increase daily, and poses threat to epidemic control globally. A significant number of these new cases (up to 70%) is being accounted for by th...

Abstract Background Undernutrition remains a major public health concern among HIV-positive children. Despite advancements in antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectiveness in managing HIV, these children still face nutritio...

Abstract Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus with nearly universal seroprevalence in sub-Saharan Africa. In people living with HIV, CMV contributes to immune activation, systemic inflammation, an...

Abstract Background The inability of antiretroviral medications to inhibit HIV is known as antiretroviral treatment failure. One of the greatest problems facing HIV patients receiving antiretroviral therapy is treatment ...