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Abstract Background Body pain significantly affects the quality of life. However, the relationship between headache and pain across broad body regions remains unclear. This population-based cross-sectional study aimed to...

Abstract Background Postoperative sleep disturbances are common and have been shown to exacerbate incisional pain by enhancing the central nervous system’s excitability. However, the specific neural circuit mechanisms ...

Abstract Background The insular cortex (IC), a pivotal hub for pain signal integration, projects extensively to the thalamus. However, the functional role of its specific projection to the central medial thalamic nucleus...

Abstract Background Chronic neuropathic pain is frequently accompanied by anxiety and depression, yet the cortical circuit mechanisms underlying this comorbidity remain unclear. The medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC) is ...

Abstract Background Altered pain processing and central sensitization are key mechanisms underlying migraine. Although quantitative sensory testing (QST) objectively assesses sensory thresholds, its clinical implications...

Abstract Background Depression risk in older adults is a complex mental health issue influenced by multiple factors, including individual vulnerability and environmental exposure. Although many methods have been used to ...

Abstract Background Migraine is a very common chronic neurological disorder associated with severe disability and significant social burden worldwide. Beyond recurrent headache attacks, increasing evidence indicates that...

Abstract Background Eosinophilic fasciitis is a rare connective tissue disorder characterized by fascial inflammation and eosinophil infiltration. Thromboembolic complications in eosinophilic fasciitis are uncommon and p...

Abstract Background Migraine with aura is clinically linked to cognitive impairment, yet sex differences and underlying mechanisms are unclear. Cortical spreading depression (CSD) is widely regarded as the electrophysiol...

Abstract Background Microglial activation is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to both the initiation and chronification of migraine. Recent advances have highlighted the importance of receptor-mediated s...