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Climate change poses escalating challenges to urban systems, intensifying risks from extreme temperatures, flooding, sea-level rise, and socio-environmental inequalities. Cities are increasingly recognised as critical ar...

Freshwater resources face enormous pressures to meet human and ecosystem needs in a changing climate. These pressures brought concern for rising water insecurity high on global agendas and, renewed interest in improving ...

Reliable estimation of reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is essential for irrigation scheduling and agricultural water-resources management. Although the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith equation is widely accepted as the stand...

Smallholder farmers in the Northeast India are vulnerable to climate risks due to subsistence based rainfed farming, fragmented landholdings, fragile ecosystems, and limited institutional support. This study aimed to ass...

In Ethiopia, natural hazard threats have an adverse effect on many livelihoods. However, the systematic assessment of rural household livelihood vulnerability to the threats is lacking in the Sile-Sago watershed, which t...

Background and purpose: Image-guided radiotherapy (IGRT) for esophageal cancer requires large planning target volume (PTV) margins to account for interfraction variations, increasing radiation-associated side-effects. Co...

Human–wildlife relations in alpine ecosystems reflect the combined effects of climate change, land-use transitions, and governance capacity. Rather than focusing solely on local conflict dynamics, this study investigat...

Ranching is a challenging and sometimes risky business, with cattle production (and associated enterprise income) largely being dependent on seasonal weather patterns and corresponding forage production. To help reduce t...