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Seed germination is severely constrained by soil salinity, limiting crop establishment in salt-affected agricultural lands. This study investigated whether seed priming with molybdenum nanoparticles (Mo NPs) enhances ger...

Osteoporosis (OP), a widespread metabolic bone condition characterized by diminished bone mass and compromised microarchitecture, poses a significant global health challenge. The gut microbiota (GM) regulates bone homeos...

Osteoporosis is a very common disease nowadays, and it is mostly seen in postmenopausal women. In postmenopausal women, with the decrease of estrogen, directly or indirectly, it makes the decrease of bone mineral density...

IntroductionMicrogravity is one type of external stimulus that affects bone homeostasis and bone development. This study investigates the molecular drivers of these effects in order to more fully understand the cellular ...

Background and aimsLiver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs) have a key role in maintaining organismal homeostasis by scavenging blood-borne molecules and inducing specific immune tolerance to ingested antigens. The sca...

Circadian rhythms are essential for maintaining intervertebral disc (IDD) homeostasis and regulate cellular metabolism, mechanical responses, and therapeutic efficacy. Core clock genes, especially CLOCK and BMAL1, have c...

The lung, and more specifically the airway epithelium, is continuously exposed to a wide range of inhaled environmental agents. Acting as a frontline physical and biochemical barrier, the airway epithelium orchestrates e...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) triggers a cascade of primary and secondary pathological events that culminate in the formation of glial and fibrotic scars, which constitute a major barrier to axonal regeneration and functional...

ObjectivePancreatic disorders are characterised by high mortality rates and limited therapeutic options and pose a global health challenge. As a dual-function organ with endocrine and exocrine roles, the pancreas exhibit...

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is characterized by profound metabolic disturbances in the brain, yet how these alterations vary across brain regions and respond to neuroprotective intervention remains poorly understood. Here...

Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) represents the most severe malignant complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterized by high invasiveness, frequent recurrence, and poor prognosis. Recent studie...

BackgroundThe intestinal barrier is a critical interface between the host and the external environment, and growing evidence indicates that bidirectional crosstalk between the gut microbiota and the intestinal barrier is...

Non-infectious uveitis encompasses a diverse array of autoimmune ocular disorders marked by the breakdown of immune tolerance and recurrent inflammatory episodes. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are integral to the maintenanc...

The senescence of the neuro-skeletal muscle system is typified by a gradual deterioration in muscle mass, strength, neuromuscular efficacy, and cognitive capabilities, which is further exacerbated by metabolic dysregulat...