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IntroductionVisual electrophysiology, including electroretinograms (ERG) and visual evoked potentials (VEP), provides a real-time functional assessment of retinal and post-retinal pathways, complementing structural imagi...

IntroductionWe address moral uncertainty in reinforcement learning (RL) by proposing a framework that integrates multiple ethical theories into decision-making. Existing approaches rely on single moral frameworks or hand...

IntroductionThere has been increasing attention to differences in function along the hippocampal long axis, with the posterior hippocampus proposed to have more variable signals that are well-suited to representing idios...

Grey wolves (Canis lupus) rely on olfaction to communicate and acquire information about their environment. Olfactory signals delivered via urine, faeces, and glandular secretions, serve critical functions in reproductio...

IntroductionRecent research has highlighted the role of the gut microbiome in shaping the development and function of the mammalian immune system. Interactions between these complex networks of microbes and host cells se...

BackgroundThe toxicities associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) can affect nearly all organ systems. Although previous studies have examined specific types of immune-related adverse events (irAEs) associated...

The identification of exoplanets within habitable zones remains a central objective in modern astrophysics, particularly with the availability of large-scale photometric datasets from space-based missions such as the Tra...

ObjectivesTo conduct a scoping review mapping the extent, nature, and consistency of available evidence regarding the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on kidney function, proteinuria, kidney...

Background and purposeWe observed that some late-term fetal prenatal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans revealed normal brain structures but exhibited diffuse hyperintense signals on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) in the...

BackgroundPolarized light (PL) imaging provides a noninvasive strategy to assess oocyte quality and maturity. This prospective study aims to identify PL parameters in metaphase II (MII) oocytes that serve as adjunctive i...