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BackgroundThe research on human microbiota-associated (HMA) animal models is an important tool for studying the human microbiome and holds great potential for elucidating disease mechanisms and microbe-based therapeutic ...

Vaccination is widely used to control foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), necessitating robust approaches for evaluating vaccine potency to ensure a consistent supply of effective and safe vaccines. Traditional (in vivo) poten...

Next generation risk assessment (NGRA) demands a fundamental transformation in how toxicological test methods are validated. Traditional validation approaches, designed for animal tests and mainly for simple in vitro met...

Regulatory science governing monoclonal antibody development has undergone a profound transformation over the past decade, shifting from empiricism-driven paradigms toward evidence-efficient, mechanism-based frameworks g...

IntroductionVirtual control groups (VCGs) are proposed as a means to reduce reliance on live animals in preclinical toxicology studies. Despite the potential benefits of VCGs, concerns remain regarding their comparabilit...

BackgroundCampylobacter is the most common cause of bacterial food infections worldwide. In Algeria, data regarding the epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance and virulence of Campylobacter remain limited. This study aim...

IntroductionThe aquaculture industry has been exploring new methods to enhance fish production, including using amino acids as supplements to boost growth and health. L-glutamate (Glu) is one of the most abundant amino a...